Phone Follow-Up Dietary Procedures January 2018 Table of Contents Chapter Page 1 Introduction to the Dietary Interview ............................................................. 1-1 1.1 Dietary Interview Component in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)...................................... 1-1 1.2 The Role of the PFU Dietary Interviewer ......................................... 1-3 1.3 Observers and Visitors ......................................................................... 1-4 2 General Interviewing Techniques .................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Before Beginning the Interview .......................................................... 2-1 2.2 Beginning the Interview ....................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Administering the Interview ................................................................ 2-2 2.3.1 Asking the Questions ........................................................... 2-2 2.3.2 Maintaining Rapport ............................................................ 2-5 2.3.3 Difficult Situations ................................................................ 2-5 2.3.4 Incomplete Information ...................................................... 2-5 2.4 Probing ................................................................................................... 2-6 2.4.1 What Is Probing and Why Is it Necessary ........................ 2-6 2.4.2 Probing Inappropriate Responses ...................................... 2-7 2.4.3 Probing Methods Should Be Neutral ................................ 2-8 2.4.4 Kinds of Probes .................................................................... 2-9 2.4.5 The Don’t Know (DK) Response...................................... 2-10 2.4.6 Additional Guidelines for Probing ..................................... 2-10 2.4.7 When to Stop Probing ......................................................... 2-11 2.5 General Rules for Recording Answers............................................... 2-12 2.6 Ending the Interview ............................................................................ 2-12 3 Dietary Interview Application Features .......................................................... 3-1 3.1 General Overview of the Computer .................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Keyboard ................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 PFU Dietary Interview Related Systems ........................................... 3-3 3.2.1 Key Features of the Wrapper Program ............................. 3-4 3.2.2 Key Features of the AMPM Program ............................... 3-5 iii Phone Follow-Up Dietary Procedures 2018 Contents (continued) Chapter Page 4 Phone Follow-Up Contact Procedures ........................................................... 4-1 4.1 Check Daily Schedule ........................................................................... 4-11 4.2 Telephone Calls ..................................................................................... 4-5 4.3 Document Call Attempts ..................................................................... 4-7 4.4 Retry Broken Appointments ............................................................... 4-11 4.5 Reschedule Appointments ................................................................... 4-12 4.6 Reminder Calls ...................................................................................... 4-15 5 Conducting the 24-Hour Recall Interview ...................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction of the Phone Follow-Up (PFU) Dietary Interview Using the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) Instrument .............................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Key Features of the 24-Hour Dietary Recall .................... 5-2 5.2 Accessing the Program ......................................................................... 5-4 5.3 Introduction to Respondent ................................................................ 5-4 5.4 Step 1: The Quick List (QL) Pass ....................................................... 5-9 5.4.1 The Main Food List (MFL) ................................................. 5-15 5.4.2 Leaving the Quick List (QL) Pass ...................................... 5-23 5.5 Step 2: The Forgotten Foods List (FFL) ........................................... 5-24 5.6 Step 3: The Time and Occasion Pass (T/O) .................................... 5-30 5.7 Step 4: The Detail and Review Cycle (DRC) .................................... 5-37 5.7.1 Measuring Guide Instructions Screen ............................... 5-38 5.7.2 Midnight to First Occasion Probe ..................................... 5-39 5.7.3 Collecting Details and Amounts ......................................... 5-41 5.7.4 Food Source Question ......................................................... 5-76 5.7.5 Review of Occasion .............................................................. 5-83 5.7.6 Occasion Location Question .............................................. 5-84 5.7.7 Between Interval Probe ....................................................... 5-86 5.7.8 Last Occasion to Midnight Probe ...................................... 5-87 5.7.9 Collection of Remainder Foods ......................................... 5-88 5.8 Step 5: The Final Review Probe (FR) ................................................ 5-88 5.9 Intake Health-Related Questions ........................................................ 5-89 5.9.1 Usual Intake ........................................................................... 5-89 5.9.2 Salt Use Yesterday ................................................................ 5-90 iv Phone Follow-Up Dietary Procedures 2018 Contents (continued) Chapter Page 5.10 Dietary Recall Section Status ............................................................... 5-92 5.11 The Supplement and Antacid Section ................................................ 5-94 5.12 Observations Screen ............................................................................. 5-94 5.13 Post-Recall Section Status Screen ....................................................... 5-96 6 Supplement and Antacid Collection ................................................................ 6-1 6.1 Basic Scenarios ...................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Recording Other Supplements ............................................................ 6-6 6.3 Antacid Data Collection ....................................................................... 6-10 6.4 No Supplements Reported in the Past 30 Days ............................... 6-13 6.5 No Antacids Reported in the Past 30 Days ...................................... 6-15 6.6 Hand Cards ............................................................................................ 6-18 6.7 Edits ........................................................................................................ 6-18 7 Additional Intake Procedures ........................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Proxy and Assisted Interviews ............................................................ 7-1 7.1.1 Proxy Interviews with Child SPs Under 9 Years of Age ..................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.2 Assisted Interviews with Child SPs 9 to 11 Years Old .......................................................................................... 7-3 7.1.3 Proxy or Assisted Interviews with Adults Unable to Report for Themselves ...................................... 7-3 7.2 Interviewing Children ........................................................................... 7-3 7.3 Data Retrieval Procedures ................................................................... 7-4 7.3.1 Data Retrieval Criteria .......................................................... 7-5 7.3.2 Flagging Eating Occasions for Data Retrieval ................. 7-5 7.3.3 Documenting Data Retrieval Source Information ........................................................................... 7-9 7.3.4 Data Retrieval Collection Procedures ................................ 7-16 7.4 Documenting Missing Meals (If Data Retrieval Is Not Required) ................................................................................................ 7-17 7.5 Documenting Skipped Meals .............................................................. 7-17 7.6 Documenting Fasts on the Recall Day .............................................. 7-18 7.7 Documenting Breastfed Infants ......................................................... 7-18 7.8 “Same As” (Foods Previously Reported by the SP or Household Member) ............................................................................ 7-19 7.9 Procedures for Misreporting Foods ................................................... 7-21 v Phone Follow-Up Dietary Procedures 2018 Contents (continued) Chapter Page 7.10 Adding Remembered Additions ......................................................... 7-22 7.11 RFL IS FULL (Documenting 41 or More Reported Foods) ......... 7-23 7.11.1 RFL IS FULL (Recording Primary Foods During the Dietary Recall) .................................................. 7-23 7.11.2 RFL IS FULL (Recording Primary Linked Foods During the Dietary Recall) ...................................... 7-24 7.11.3 RFL IS FULL (Recording Primary Foods While Collecting Health-Related Questions)