IPJ The Indian Police Journal Volume 67, Number 3, ISSN 0537-2429 July-September 2020 Editorial Board Chief Patron Sh. V.S.K. Kaumudi, IPS, DG, BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Editor-in-chief Sh. Santosh Mehra, IPS, ADG, BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Managing Editor Sh. Anurag Tankha, IPS IG/Director (SPD), BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi Executive Editor Sh. Shashi Kant Upadhyay DIG/DD (SPD), BPR&D, MHA, New Delhi CONTENTS S.N. Titel of the Article Page No. 1. Technology and Trafficking in Persons 1 PM Nair 2. Systemic Corruption; Economic Growth and Limits of Conventional 10 Anti-Corruption Approach: A Case for Sectoral Approach in Developing Countries Kannan Perumal 3. Public Perception of Police in Chandigarh: A Comparative Analysis 26 Before and During COVID 19 Lockdown Mohit Verma and Manpreet Kaur 4. The Mind-fit Cop: Towards Effective Policing through Mindfulness and 35 Emotional Intelligence Dr. Vibhuti Gupta and Amit Kumar, IPS 5. Gender Issues in Policing: Perspectives and Perceptions 46 Puja Konch and Vijay Raghavan 6. Occupational Heat Exposure of Female Police Personnel: Its Implication 52 of Climate Change and Undermine Issue Arindam Dey, Tanusree Mishra, Subhashis Sahu and Atanu Saha 7. Integrated Traffic Fine Management System – Implementation in 58 Bidhannagar, Kolkata and Review Amit. P. Javalgi, IPS 8. Examination of the Scanned and Printed Documents with the Help of 69 their Digital Images Uploaded on the Recruitment Portal: - Illustration through Forensic Examination of Recruitment Scam Cases Pranay Bhardwaj, Mahesh Chandra Joshi and Amit Koul 9. Modern Theory of Punishment – An Analytical Study 74 Dr. Caesar Roy 10. Windows Registry Forensic Analysis 84 Priyanka Tomar 11. Bawaria Crimes in Tamilnadu- How We Put an End to It 91 S. R. Jangid IPS 12. Victim-Offender Relationship and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in 96 Incarcerated Murderers Sunil Kumar German and Prof. (Dr.) Mamta Patel 13. The Importance and Essentiality of Counselling for Police Officers- A 105 Systematic Review Dr. Deepak Sharma 14. Issues of Juveniles: Juveniles in Conflict with Law 112 Chandra Deep Yadav and Dr. Mamta Patel EDITORIAL MESSAGE The Indian Police Journal has come a long way since its first edition published in year 1954. Over a period of more than six decades, IPJ has carved a niche in the police fraternity covering myriad stories on numerous vital subjects on which the Indian police force works. With collaborative endeavours, the Indian Police Journal has had a great time enriching the reader with well researched articles on contemporary policing, administrative, forensic, HR and police related technical issues. IPJ has been striving hard to promote citizen centric police services as it is widely known to police professionals, forensic practitioners, research scholars, academia, management communities, non- government organization and in the field of correctional administration. This edition compiles numerous articles that help the reader know various facets of police work culture. “Technology and trafficking in persons“, the writer has shed light on the fact that trafficking in persons is an “organized crime, a continuing crime, and a basket of crime.” further writer explains in his article how traffickers are using technology to promote their business and trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. He has well explained trafficking in persons for forced labour. The article on “ Gender Issues in policing : perspectives and perceptions “ has shown a profound insight into the roles, challenges and perception of women police personnel and gender issues around them. The writer has highlighted the status of women in police in the scenario prevalent. The article on “Illustration through forensic examination of recruitment scam case” by Pranay Bhardwaj has categorically underscored certain aspects emphasizing how recruitment agencies are adopting an online recruitment process for employment of various staff for various posts in order to maintain the equilibrium between need and demand. The article on modern theory of punishment- an analytical study by Dr Caesar Roy elaborated on various theories of punishment such as deterrent theory, retributive, preventive, reformative and expiatory theory. The article on ‘window registry forensic analysis’ written by Priyanka Tomar focuses on how to solve any cyber crime and how investigation plays a vital role in detecting crime. Besides, IPJ time and time again delves deep into numerous modus operandi employed by certain gangs operational in a particular area where they are familiar with topography and factors suited for that crime. ‘Promoting Good Practices and Standards’ I make a special mention of Bawaria crime in Tamilnadu, a piece well documented by SR Jangid IPS. This talks about robbery in the houses located along the national highways from Gummidipondi -Chennai- Bangalore. Use of firearms and steel rods, looting of jewels and cash and electronics goods. How the gang does a quick and thorough recce of the targeted area before commission of crime. The article on “victim-offender relationship and post traumatic stress disorder in incarcerated murderers” cannot be overlooked, this article further explains that crime is an anti- social behaviour and is directed against certain fundamental values. In the criminal justice system, researchers and social scientists have long been interested in murder and murderer. This piece speaks of the remedy of such crime. I am sure that this edition will definitely give readers an in-depth understanding of the problems surfacing on a day-to-day basis with certain reasons for and causes of stress among the uniformed personnel. Above all, the ways and means suggested addressing these grave issues under police personnel commands. Editor in Chief ‘Promoting Good Practices and Standards’ Technology and Trafficking in Persons * PM Nair , IPS (Retd.) The Indian Police Journal @BPRD, MHA BPRD Publication www.bprd.gov.in INTRODUctiON: and, therefore, each one of us in this Nation, is a Irrefutable is the fact that trafficking in persons stakeholder, rather a duty holder in the mission (TIP) is an organized crime, a continuing crime, of anti-human trafficking. All of us should realize and a “Basket of Crimes”. It is the travesty and the intrinsic role of technology in preventing and deprivation of human dignity. Though rated combating human trafficking and take all in all among the three largest organized crimes in the promptness to address this menace. world, in practice, in the existing context, human HOW TRAFFICKERS ARE USING TECHNOLOGY trafficking has not only surpassed arms and TO PROMOTE THEIR BUSINESS: drugs in quantity but also spread, extended in Technologies are born with the avowed intent of its convergence with technology, especially the human development and betterment. In the case of internet. The fact is that technology has brought human trafficking, technologies are used to destroy, human trafficking into the bedrooms. In fact, exploit, abuse, control, regulate and restrict human the elephant is in the room. The quintessence beings and, thereby, the latter becomes victims of every form of human trafficking is violence1, of human trafficking. The traffickers are known unleashed on human beings by fellow beings to misuse different technological advancements and is, therefore, the ultimate form of violence to their advantage. The common arenas of their in slavery. Such organized violence cannot intervention and abuse of technology is in the realm thrive and perpetuate without intruding into of financial transactions and concealment of the and without active support and involvement illicit, in exchanging of photos and videos, in using of technology and the internet. Therefore, as a websites for advertisements, lure, enticement, corollary, advancements in technology and the sending communications and messages, etc. They internet must catch up with the response systems, traffickers have been well entrenched into the if the challenge of TIP must be met with. As it’s social media platforms, webcam services, Internet usually said, ‘police are after criminals’, has to be call services, etc. All these are used not only to replaced with ‘police are before criminals’. Not only solicit ‘customers’, but also subjugate the victims to police but all stakeholders have to be on top. And, hire and surrender. going by the mandate in our constitution that ‘we the people of India have ‘given to ourselves’, TRAFFICKING FOR COMMERCIAL SEXUAL it is the bounden duty of every citizen of India to EXPLOitatiON prevent human trafficking of every form and type The use of technology in the commercial 1 Gary Haugen, ‘’The Locus Effect’’, Oxford University Press, 2014 exploitation of women and children has Author’s Intro: * Former, DG, NDRF and Civil Diffence, MHA The Indian Police Journal drastically increased in the recent days. As the the pictures of the girls, to bargain on high cost fastest growing illegal industry in the world, the for providing girls, contact the customers, fixing sex trafficking has become technology intensive. appointments to meet with the clients, booking Traffickers are liberally using the Internet and hotels, transportation of the girls to the area of technology for increasing demand, concealing demand, and bringing them back to their place identity of the ‘customer’, concealing money trails, of stay. In fact, some traffickers use private social and camouflaging the victim too, oftentimes media accounts and a few of them have their giving misleading information to trap ‘customers’. own websites and chatrooms to sell girls online. In some cases, the traffickers use webcam services Using online platform to deceive or lure to sell girls. vulnerable victims is a major aspect of cyber traffickers. They use fake IDs especially on social One of the emerging crimes in the cyberspaces media and stalk girls who are vulnerable to is Online Sexual Exploitation of Minors. The trafficking. Selection is done very carefully and predators connect with the traffickers, to buy the cleverly. The spotters go for people who are alone, children and make them do online sexual acts as children who are not cared for by their parents or well as develop child pornography.