Index Abadan, 38, 74, 75, 102, 104, 105, 107, 110 aluminium (industry), 3, 42, 43, 59, 60, Baghdad, 8, 32, 40, 48, 77, 80, 81, 82, 107 Bilad al-Qadeem, 88 Abbasid (Caliphate), 76, 104 87, 89, 100, 103, 108 Bahmansir River, 104 borders Abqaiq, 59, 87 Amwaj Islands, 89 Bahrain, 2, 8, 12, 14, 20, 26, 27, 33, 40, disputes over, 15, 32, 61, 63, 64, 65 Abu Dhabi, 10, 16, 20, 26, 27, 33, 38, 39, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 24, 104, 42, 44, 46, 49, 52, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, maritime, 57, 62 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51, 62, 64, 65, 105 84, 88, 89, 106, 108 Braudel, Fernand, 2, 10 66, 67, 71, 92, 93, 96, 97, 106 aquifers, 17, 18, 96 Bahrain Financial Harbor, 89 bridges, 40, 41, 63, 83, 89, 92 Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority, 49 Arabia, Horn of, 9 Bahrain Monetary Agency, 60 “Friendship Bridge,” 40 Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Arabian coast, 6, 16, 17, 20, 108, 109, 110 Bahrain World Trade Centre, 89 British, 14, 24, 33, 46, 77, 81, 88, 97 Company, 100–101 Arabian Peninsula, 1, 7, 11, 72, 76 Baluchis, 33, 75 Empire, 14, 20 Abu al-Khasib, 77 Arabian Sea, 1, 2, 10, 33, 72 Baluchistan, 11 protectorates, 56, 60, 64, 71, 72, 80, Abu Musa (islands of), 33, 52, 65 Arabistan. See Khuzestan Bandar Abbas, 11, 38, 39, 41, 43, 74, 75, 108 Academic City (Dubai), 51 Arab League, 56 102, 103, 106, 110 British East India Company, 14, 64 Adliya district, 88 Arabo-Persian Gulf, 1, 2, 6, 68, 69, 70, Bandar Gumruk, 102 British Petroleum, 24 Africa, 1, 31, 72, 108 71, 72, 73, 106, 108 Bandar Imam Khomeini (formerly Bubiyan Island, 57, 83 Africa, Horn of, 1, 9 Arabs, 8, 11, 12, 33, 36, 56, 104 Bandar Shapur), 75, 105 al-Bu Falah (tribe), 66, 92 agriculture, 18, 19, 59, 63, 66, 70, 71, 73, Aramco (Arabian American Oil Bandar Lengeh, 11, 75 al-Bu Falasah, 66 75, 76, 86, 88, 97, 100, 103, 108 Company), 24, 58, 84, 85 Bandar Mahshahr, 105 Bu Kassab, 104 al-Ahmadi, 83 archaeological (remains), 1, 8, 10, 92, Bandar Taheri, 8 Bul Hanin, 62 al-Ahsa, 38, 39, 58, 59, 86, 87, 106 96, 103 Banias (Hindus), 98 al-Bunduq (oilfield), 62 al-Ahsa Development Company, 87 architecture, 62, 82, 90, 95, 97, 109 Bani Yas tribe, 66 Buraimi Oasis, 65, 96, 97 Ahvaz, 38, 39, 43, 74 al-Areen (project), 89 banking, 46, 85, 87 Bur Dubai, 94 al-Ain, 39, 65, 66, 96, 97, 106 aridity, 6, 16, 18, 64, 70, 96, 106, 109 crisis, 3, 47, 106 Burgan oilfield, 56 air bases, 85, 92 Arvand Free Zone Organization, 105 Islamic, 46, 60, 108 Burj al-Arab, 94 airports, 6, 40, 59, 71, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, Arvand Rud (P., Shatt al-Arab), 6, 74, offshore, 46, 60 Burj Khalifa, 94 92, 103, 105, 106, 108 104. See also Shatt al-Arab Basra, 2, 8, 14, 26, 32, 33, 38, 39, 57, 76, al-Bu Said (rulers), 14 Ajman, 39, 45, 64, 65, 68, 70, 94, 95 Asaluyeh, 75, 103 77, 80, 81, 105, 107, 110 Bushehr, 14, 38, 74, 75, 99, 110 Ajman University of Science and Asia, 1, 31, 32, 72, 73, 102, 108 Basra University, 51 Technology, 68 Asir, 58 Bastakiya, 11, 94 camels/dromedaries, 9, 18, 87, 96, 108 ALBA (Aluminium Bahrain), 43 Australians, 37, 43 al-Batinah, 73, 99, 100 Canada, 28, 31 Alcan, 101 authoritarianism, 109, 110 Bayt al-Falaj, 98 Cape of Good Hope, 31 Algeria, 28, 31 al-Ayjah, 101 beaches, 69, 70, 108 Capital City (Abu Dhabi), 93 Algiers Agreement of 1975, 32 Bedouin (tribes/culture), 14, 18, 58, 62, cash crops, 19, 69, 71 Al-Jazeera, 63 Ba’athist ruling party, 77, 80 65, 83, 86, 92, 104, 108 CASOC (California Arabian Standard Almoayyed Tower, 89 Bab al-Mandeb, Strait of, 31 al-Bida, 90 Oil Company), 84 115 Caspian Sea, 8, 41, 44, 75 Deira coastal road, 67 special economic zones, 43, 44, 45, Failaka Island, 57, 83 cement (industry), 42, 43, 62, 87 democracy, 32, 57, 65 66, 75, 90, 93, 103 falaj (irrigation channel), 96 Central Business District (CBD; Abu democratization process, 61 economy, 20 al-Fateh Grand Mosque, 89 Dhabi), 93 demographics, 53, 56, 62, 65, 110 of culture, 51 al-Faw, 77 chemical (industry), 42, 89. See also demonstrations, 2, 52, 61, 101, 109 global, 25, 50, 110 Federal University (al-Ain), 96 fertilizers; industry desalinization plants, 17, 18, 29, 92, 97 post oil strategies, 37 Federation (of the United Arab China, 8, 9, 26, 31, 43 desert, 18, 19, 38, 56, 57, 62, 72, 77, 82, rent-based, 3 Emirates), 40, 45, 49, 64, 65, 67, 69, Chinese, 8, 43 106, 108 traditional, 18, 68, 71, 100, 103 70, 71, 92, 96, 106. See also United Christianity/Christians, 1, 10, 13, 77, 80 Dhahran, 39, 58, 84, 85 (See also agriculture; fishing) Arab Emirates cities, 38, 40, 41 Dhaid Oasis, 69 ecosystem, 6, 71, 109 fertilizer (industry), 42, 56, 60, 108 coastal, 3, 6, 40, 58, 106, 107 Dhofar (area), 8, 72 education, 50, 51, 56, 63, 87 financial industrial, 62, 74, 84, 90, 106 dhows, 9, 21, 64, 73, 94, 101, 108 Education City (Qatar), 63 centres, 60, 67, 80 Coalition, 56, 59, 81 Dibba, 69, 71 Egypt/Egyptians, 37, 48, 56 institutions, 2, 60, 88, 99 Comorao, 102 Dilmun, 8, 60, 89 electricity, 53, 74. See also power plants markets, 47 construction diving, 69, 71 embargo (by the West), 27, 38, 39, 75, rent, 46 projects, 6, 18, 21, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53, Doha, 38, 39, 40, 41, 51, 59, 62, 82, 90, 76, 106, 110 sector, 3, 71, 106 57, 63, 66, 71, 74, 75, 80, 82, 89, 92, 91, 106 emigration, 36 fishing, 9, 20, 21, 38, 58, 62, 70, 71, 75, 93, 96, 97 Dubai, 2, 11, 26, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, emir (title of), 14, 15, 56, 57 76, 84, 100, 101, 103 sector/industry, 43, 66, 87 47, 51, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75, enclaves, 15, 65, 68, 69, 71 harbors, 68, 102, 103 workers, 92, 109 92, 93, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103, 106, 108, energy industry, 73 container ships, 9, 40, 103, 108. See also 110 consumption, 26, 29, 42 ports, 75, 88 ports Dubai International Finance Centre renewable, 66, 93 flora and fauna, 17, 66 conurbations, 39, 84, 96 (DIFC), 67 sector, 1, 50, 62, 66 food, 18, 19, 20, 21, 59, 103 coastal, 39, 68, 94 Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman conurbation. solar, 109 processing industry, 75, 86, 87 Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman, 70, 94 See conurbations sources, 31, 93 foreign Cooperation Council for the Arab DUBAL (Dubai Aluminium), 43 wind, 91, 109 companies, 61, 62, 75, 89 States of the Gulf (GCC). See Gulf Dukhan oilfield, 62 English, 9, 98, 102. See also British intervention, 52, 57, 77, 81 Cooperation Council Dutch, 9, 14, 98, 102 English (language), 50, 56, 63, 85, 100, 109 labourers, 18, 36, 58, 62, 65, 86, 109 Corniche, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95 ethnicity, 32, 33, 56, 74, 98, 105 tourists, 49, 88 currency, 46, 52, 53 East Africa, 98, 101 ethno-linguistic (groups), 1, 109 universities, 42, 50, 51, 69, 87 economic Euphrates, 6, 12, 76, 77 foreigners, 37, 38, 47, 48, 50, 56, 60, 65, Dalaki River, 74 crises, 3, 20, 47, 74, 77, 81, 105, 107 Europe, 3, 19, 30, 31, 64 71, 98, 109, 110 Dammam, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 58, 59, 84, diversification, 36, 45, 47, 53, 56, 60, Europeans, 37, 49 forts, 14, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94 85, 86, 106 66, 68, 73, 92, 108, 110 European Union, 52, 53 fragmentation, 65, 101 dams, 74 growth, 17, 62, 65, 104 exclave, 64, 72 free (trade) zones, 41, 43, 44, 45, 48, date palm (groves), 18, 19, 59, 70, 86, hubs, 88, 106 expatriates, 3, 36, 37, 50, 61, 85, 91, 103 67, 68, 70, 71, 75, 93, 94, 100, 103, 105, 97, 100 inequalities, 3, 65 108, 110 defence (issues), 14, 52, 65 integration, 52 Fahaheel, 83 French, 14, 33 Deira, 94 policies, 57, 61, 66 al-Fahidi fort, 94 Fujairah, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71 116.