International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-5, Issue-10, Oct.-2019 http://iraj.in SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERN OF POPULATION OF BURDWAN-I C.D. BLOCK, WEST BENGAL: A GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY 1PROLAY MONDAL, 2PRADIP KUMAR ROY 1 Assistant Professor, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur 2 Research Scholar, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - It is well accepted that human resource study is most significant for regional planning. Quantity and various attributes of population of a region depict its socioeconomic characteristics. In this paper panchayat wise distribution of various population characteristics; e.g. population distribution, density, sex ratio, literacy rate and workforce composition etc. of Burdwan-I C.D. block, West Bengal, India has been studied. Entire study, cited here, is based on secondary data collected from district census handbook published Government of India. It has been found that female literacy rate and female work participation rate is quite less in studied area. Backwardness of female in literacy and workplace, even in un- skill jobs are been studied here with various socio-economic parameters. For sustainable development of the society emphasis should be given to women empowerment. Keywords - Population Distribution, Density, Sex Ratio, Literacy Rate, Workforce Composition I. INTRODUCTION (evaluation copy). The collected data has been classified, tabulated and analyzed for the purpose of In any geographical study, space and time are always the study. Choropleth technique has been utilized to the matter of primary concern. Initially it is tried to represent panchayat wise spatiotemporal distribution represents how phenomenon is changing over the of various demographic units. space with the march of time. Spatial pattern of the population demonstrate the arrangement of the Study Area: Burdwan-I C.D. Block central part of the various parameters of population dynamics district. This C.D. Block is extended from 23° 13′ N throughout the earth’s surface. India is the first to 23° 22ʹ40″ N and from 87° 46′ 15″ E to 88° 04′ 09″ growing country in terms of economy and human E (Fig. 1). resource one of the vital resources. So, there is no gainsaying that structure of population must be studied widely to get the framework of the particular regional planning. Burdwan-I Community Development block is an administrative unit under Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. As this region is agriculturally endowed, therefore, most of the people are engaged in cultivation and rural based economic activities. Present paper focuses on spatiotemporal distribution of various demographic measures such as, panchayat wise distribution of population, density, sex ratio, literacy rate andwork force etc. Objectives: i. To demonstrate the spatial arrangement of population structure. ii. To represent the temporal change of the demographic measures of the study area. iii. To identify the trend of growth of population dynamics. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fig. 1 (a) West Bengal, (b) PurbaBardhaman district, (c) Burdwan-I Community Development block Data, used for study here, has been collected from Studied Burdwan block has 9 Gram panchayets District census Handbook of 2011. Data has been namely, Belkash, Bondul-I, Baghar-I, Baghar-II, disseminated with the help of MS Excel 2007. Rayan-I, Rayan-II, Kurmun-I, Saritikar and Kshetia. Thematic Maps has been prepared byArc Map 10.5 This C.D. block is bound byBhatar and Manteswar Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Population of Burdwan-I C.D. Block, West Bengal: A Geographical Study 56 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-5, Issue-10, Oct.-2019 http://iraj.in block in the north, Memari-II and Burdwan-II in east, B. Panchayet wise population density: Galsi-II in the west and Khandaghsh in the south. Population density is one of the major indicators of Damodor River is flowing in the south western spatiotemporal study of population. Population direction of the block. density is defined as the number of persons per square kilometer (Mahesha and Shivalingappa, 2012). III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the fig. 4 it is found that Rayan-I panchayat has the maximum population density I both the year 2154 A. Panchayet wise population distribution: per square kilometer in 2001 census and 1933 per Fig.2 depicts that male female is quite evenly square kilometer in 2011 as it is close to Burdwan distributed. From the fig. 3 comparative analysis of municipality, whereas, Kurmun-I has the lowest population distribution of 2001 and 2011 census it population density which is 548 per square kilometer can be represented that Belkash, Rayan-I and in 2001 and 576 per square kilometer in 2011. Saraitikar gram panchayats declined their population in 2011 from 2001whereas other panchayats are continuously growing. Fig. 4 Distribution of Population density, 2011 Fig. 2Spatial Distribution of Population, 2011 Fig. 5 Compare between 2001 and 2011 Population Density Fig. 3 Compare between 2001 and 2011 Population Distribution Table.2 Distribution of population density 2001 and 2011 C. Panchayet wise sex ratio: According to Franklin, 1956 sex ratio is an index of economy prevailing in an area and is useful tool for regional analysis. From the Table. 3 it is seen that Baghar-I panchayat has maximum sex ratio which is Table. 1 : Distribution of population (male and female) 2001 1002 and rest of the panchayats are below 1000. Fig. and 2011 Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Population of Burdwan-I C.D. Block, West Bengal: A Geographical Study 57 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-5, Issue-10, Oct.-2019 http://iraj.in 7 represents that sex ratio has increased from 2001 to 2011. Fig. Fig. 8 Literacy rate, 2011 Fig.6 :Sex Ratio, 2011 Fig. 9 :Compare between 2001 and 2011Literacy rate Fig. 7 :Compare between 2001 and 2011 sex ratio Table.4:Distribution of Literacy Rate 2001 and 2011 E. Panchayet wise work force: One of the major objectives of economic reforms is accelerating growth and expanding the employment opportunities (Motkuri and Naik, 2013). Fig. 10 represents that Baghar-I and Kurmun-I has the maximum work participation rate. Fig. 11 depicts that male main worker is maximum in both the census Table. 3 Distribution of sex ratio 2001 and 2011 year and it is found that female work participation rate is very less. Though workforce analysis done D. Panchayet wise literacy rate: through secondary data yet the ground reality is far For proper social change, sustainable economic different from published data. The socioeconomic development and modernization of the society condition of this block dwellers says that some lower literacy rate plays a vital role (Ramotra, Vadiyar and income and middle income groups female are not Mote 2009; Mahesha and Shivalingappa, 2012).From willing to engaged in any kind of government or the fig. 8 it is clear that Rayan-II, Khestia, Belkash public work except housewives or cottage based work ect.panchayats has highest literacy rate. Fig. 9 depicts even then their required money for their family that there are disparirty between male literacy rate ad development to subsist their daily life. They thought female literacy rate of 2001 and 2011 census. their social status will be decreased. As a result the Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Population of Burdwan-I C.D. Block, West Bengal: A Geographical Study 58 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-5, Issue-10, Oct.-2019 http://iraj.in female workforce are available but they don’t take the plan sustainable development. Therefore, it is opportunity to participate in public or government needless to note considering all other socio-economic based work. parameters for development of literacy rate suitable measures should be taken. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are thankful to the Census of India for all the facilities made available and availed for the work as a researcher. Our deepest gratitude goes to Dr. Gopal Chandra Debnath, Senior Fellow, I.C.S.S.R of Raiganj University and retired Professor, Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan who guided us throughout the study and his wise counselling and encouragement to complete this article. Authors also are grateful to Dr. N.C. Ghosh, Retired Professor in Mathematics, for going through the paper, specially the statistical analysis part. Fig. 10 : Work-force composition, 2011 REFERENCE [1] Motkuri, V., &Naik, S. (2016). Growth and Structure of Workforce in India. The Indian Economic Journal, 64(1-4), 57-74. doi: 10.1177/0019466216652753 [2] Lewis, W. Arthur (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, The Manchester School [3] Mondal, P. Ghosh, R. Sutradhar, S. (2018). Identification of Determinant Factors for the Development of C.D. Blocks in Birbhum District: A Multivariate Statistical Approach. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi- Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-08 [4] Kannan, K. P. & G. Ravindran (2012). Counting and Profiling of the Missing Labour Force, Economic and Fig. 11 : Compare between 2001 and 2011 Workforce Political Weekly, Vol. XLVII No. 6. February 11. composition [5] Mellor, John W. (1976). The New Economics of Growth: A Strategy for India and the Developing World, Cornell Conclusion: From the above analysis, spatiotemporal University Press, Ithaca. [6] Dr.D.Mahesha& B.N. Shivalingappa, Dr. (2012). AN variations of various aspects like-distribution of APPRAISAL OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN population, density, sex ratio, literacy rate and work UNION TERRITORIES OF INDIA. International journal of force etc. have been observed. All above mentioned research in Management. 2(25-30). attributes are correlated to each other. As literacy rate [7] censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB _BARDDHAMAN.pdf increases population size, population density, sex ratio decreases and work participation rate of female [9] https://www.diva-gis.org/ will automatically increase which ultimately leads to Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Population of Burdwan-I C.D.