Minnesota All-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Approved March 25, 2011 Minnesota Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management This page left blank intentionally. MINNESOTA ALL-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Hazard Mitigation Programs ............................................................................................... 19 1.2 Plan Organization ................................................................................................................ 20 1.3 HSEM Update ...................................................................................................................... 22 1.4 Hazard Mitigation Funding Update ..................................................................................... 23 2. STATE PROFILE ........................................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Geographic Characteristics ................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................ 30 2.3 Demographic Characteristics .............................................................................................. 31 2.4 Development Trends ........................................................................................................... 33 2.5 Climate Adaptation ............................................................................................................. 36 3. PLANNING PROCESS .................................................................................................................. 38 3.1 Timeline of 2011 Plan Update ............................................................................................. 38 3.2 Agency Coordination ........................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Program Integration ............................................................................................................ 46 4. RISK ASSESSMENT: IDENTIFY AND PROFILE HAZARDS .............................................................. 50 4.1 Natural Hazards ................................................................................................................... 52 Flooding ..................................................................................................................................... 53 Statewide Flood Risk Assessment ............................................................................................. 73 Wildfire ...................................................................................................................................... 79 Tornado ..................................................................................................................................... 95 Windstorms ............................................................................................................................. 102 Hail .......................................................................................................................................... 112 Lightning .................................................................................................................................. 116 1 MINNESOTA ALL-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Coastal Erosion ........................................................................................................................ 121 Severe Winter Storms ............................................................................................................. 125 Landslide ................................................................................................................................. 142 Sinkholes & Land Subsidence .................................................................................................. 145 Earthquake .............................................................................................................................. 148 Extreme Temperatures (Heat) ................................................................................................ 163 Dam Failure ............................................................................................................................. 166 4.2 Other Hazards ................................................................................................................... 172 Terrorism ................................................................................................................................. 172 Infectious Disease Outbreak ................................................................................................... 174 Fires (Structures and Vehicles) ................................................................................................ 178 Nuclear Generating Plant Incidents ........................................................................................ 180 Hazardous Material Incidents ................................................................................................. 183 Transportation Incidents ......................................................................................................... 186 Ground and Surface Water Supply Contamination ................................................................ 192 5. RISK ASSESSMENT: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT .................................................................. 198 5.1 Methodology for Identifying Hazards ............................................................................... 198 5.2 Vulnerability Assessment by Jurisdiction .......................................................................... 205 5.3 Vulnerability Assessment for State Facilities .................................................................... 217 5.4 Estimating Potential Losses by Jurisdiction ....................................................................... 221 5.5 Estimating Potential Losses of State Facilities .................................................................. 229 6. MITIGATION STRATEGY ........................................................................................................... 240 6.1 Update ............................................................................................................................... 240 6.2 State Plan Goals ................................................................................................................ 244 6.3 Hazard Mitigation Strategies ............................................................................................. 257 2 MINNESOTA ALL-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6.4 Hazard Mitigation Actions ................................................................................................. 263 6.5 Inventory of Hazard Mitigation Programs, Policies, and Funding..................................... 271 6.6 State Capability Assessment ............................................................................................. 289 6.7 Local Capability Assessment ............................................................................................. 301 6.8 Severe Repetitive Loss Strategy ........................................................................................ 305 7. COORDINATING LOCAL MITIGATION PLANNING .................................................................... 311 7.1 Local Funding and Technical Assistance............................................................................ 311 7.2 Local Mitigation Plan Update(s) ........................................................................................ 314 7.3 Mitigation Success Stories in Minnesota .......................................................................... 315 7.4 Funding Update ................................................................................................................. 318 7.4 Local Plan Integration........................................................................................................ 323 7.5 Prioritizing Local Assistance .............................................................................................. 327 8. PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCESS ............................................................................................... 335 8.1 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan ................................................................ 335 8.2 Monitoring Progress of Mitigation Activities .................................................................... 337 Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 340 Tables Table 1 Land Cover Legend ............................................................................................................ 29 Table 2 Major Flood Events in Minnesota 1950 – 2010 ................................................................ 67 Table 3 Flood Risk Calculation Methods ....................................................................................... 75 Table 4 Single Fires of Record........................................................................................................ 82 Table 5 Wildfire Statistics 2000-2010