Critical Approaches to Children’s Literature Series Editors Kerry Mallan Faculty of Education Children and Youth Research Centre Kelvin Grove Queensland, Australia Clare Bradford School of Communication and Creative Art Deakin University Burwood Victoria, Australia This timely new series brings innovative perspectives to research on chil- dren’s literature. It offers accessible but sophisticated accounts of contem- porary critical approaches and applies them to the study of a diverse range of children’s texts – literature, film and multimedia. Critical Approaches to Children’s Literature includes monographs from both internationally recognised and emerging scholars. It demonstrates how new voices, new combinations of theories, and new shifts in the scholarship of literary and cultural studies illuminate the study of children’s texts. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14930 Emer O’Sullivan • Andrea Immel Editors Imagining Sameness and Difference in Children’s Literature From the Enlightenment to the Present Day Editors Emer O’Sullivan Andrea Immel Leuphana University Lüneburg Princeton University Library Lüneburg, Germany Princeton, New Jersey, USA Critical Approaches to Children’s Literature ISBN 978-1-137-46168-1 ISBN 978-1-137-46169-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-46169-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947692 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover image © “Les touristes français.” Mon village, ceux qui n’oublient pas. Reproduced courtesy of the Cotsen Children’s Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library. Printedonacid-freepaper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom To Lloyd E. Cotsen, who understood the importance of documenting how children learn from books about sameness and difference ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank the following people for their assistance in clearing rights and permissions for the illustrations reproduced in this monograph: Gerhard Gruitrooy and Liz Kurtulik Mercuri at Art Resource; Ebony Lane at Macmillan Children’s Books; Marilyn Scott at the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum, Ohio State University; Thomas Keenan at Princeton University Library; Ian Dooley, AnnaLee Pauls, and Squirrel Walsh at the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library; Tabeah Faubel at Verlag Herder; and Ute Zoerbach at Random House. vii CONTENTS 1 Sameness and Difference in Children’s Literature: An Introduction 1 Emer O’Sullivan and Andrea Immel Part I Ethnography on Display 2 Learning to See: Eighteenth-Century Children’s Prints and the Discourse of Othering 29 Silke Meyer 3 Picturing the World for Children: Early Nineteenth- Century Images of Foreign Nations 51 Emer O’Sullivan 4 Figuring the World: Representing Children’s Encounters with Other Peoples and Cultures at the Great Exhibition of 1851 71 Gillian Lathey 5 Imagining the World in Bavarian Children’s Books: Place and Other as Engineered by Lothar Meggendorfer 89 Amanda M. Brian ix x CONTENTS Part II Internationalism and Tolerance 6 Imagining Equality: The Emergence of the Ideas of Tolerance, Universalism, and Human Rights in Danish Magazines for Children, 1750–1800 111 Nina Christensen 7 An Anthropologist Shows Girls a World of Difference: Louis-François Jauffret’s Géographie dramatique 129 Cynthia J. Koepp 8 Information or Exoticization? Constructing Religious Difference in Children’s Information Books 149 Gabriele von Glasenapp Part III Constructing Self and Nation 9 Anxious Encounters: Picturing the Street Child in On the Sidewalks of New York 169 Lara Saguisag 10 Russian Picturebooks from 1922 to 1934: Modernization, Sense of Nationhood, Internationalism 187 Verena Rutschmann 11 Appropriating the “Wild North”: The Image of Canada and Its Exploitation in German Children’s Literature 215 Martina Seifert 12 Travel as Construction of Self and Nation 235 Margaret R. Higonnet Index 253 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1.1 Illustration from Peter Sís, Madlenka (New York: Frances Foster Books, 2000). © Peter Sís. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus, Giroux, LLC. All rights reserved. 5 Fig. 2.1 “O the Roast Beef of Old England,” printed by Bowles & Carver ca. 1780–1790. Reproduced in Bowles & Carver, Catchpenny Prints: 163 Popular Engravings from the Eighteenth Century (New York: Dover, 1970), no. 123, p. 81. 37 Fig. 2.2 “Soup Meagre, Frogs and Sallad,” printed by Bowles & Carver ca. 1780–1790. Reproduced in Bowles & Carver, Catchpenny Prints: 163 Popular Engravings from the Eighteenth Century (New York: Dover, 1970), no. 123, p. 81. 38 Fig. 2.3 “Sailors, English, Dutch, French,” printed by Bowles & Carver ca. 1780–1790. Reproduced in Bowles & Carver, Catchpenny Prints: 163 Popular Engravings from the Eighteenth Century (New York: Dover, 1970), no. 31, p. 19. 41 Fig. 3.1 Illustration from J. Steerwell, The Little Traveller, or, A Sketch of the Various Nations of the World (London: printed and sold by Dean and Munday, Threadneedle-Street, ca. 1830). Reproduced courtesy of the Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University Library 52 Fig. 3.2 “Climates of the Earth” from the Rudiment Box (1834?). Reproduced with the permission of the Church of Ireland College of Education archives 57 xi xii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 3.3 “Costumes of Nations, for Infant Schools” from the Rudiment Box (1834?). Reproduced with the permission of the Church of Ireland College of Education archives 60 Fig. 4.1 “The Exhibitors and Visitors” from The Crystal Palace That Fox Built: A Pyramid of Rhyme, with nine illustrations by John Gilbert (London: David Bogue, 1851). Reproduced courtesy of the Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University Library 73 Fig. 4.2 Illustration from Dolls and Sights of the Crystal Palace, Aunt Mavor’s picturebooks for little readers, no. 12 (London: Routledge, 1852), 6. Courtesy of V&A Images 78 Fig. 4.3 Illustration from Dolls and Sights of the Crystal Palace, Aunt Mavor’s picturebooks for little readers, no. 12 (London: Routledge, 1852), 7. Courtesy of V&A Images 83 Fig. 5.1 Illustrations from Lothar Meggendorfer, Nimm mich mit! Ein lehrreiches Bilderbuch, 3rd ed. (Munich: Braun & Schneider, ca. 1887). Reproduced courtesy of the Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University Library 96 Fig. 5.2 Illustrations from Lothar Meggendorfer, Nimm mich mit! Ein lehrreiches Bilderbuch, 3rd ed. (Munich: Braun & Schneider, ca. 1887). Reproduced courtesy of the Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University Library 97 Fig. 5.3 “Der Raucher,” from Lothar Meggendorfer, Aufgepaßt! Ein lustiges Bilderbuch mit beweglichen Bildern (Eßlingen: J. F. Schreiber, ca. 1900). Reproduced by kind permission of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin 101 Fig. 5.4 “Der Mohr,” from Lothar Meggendorfer, Aufgepaßt! Ein lustiges Bilderbuch mit beweglichen Bildern (Eßlingen: J. F. Schreiber, ca. 1900). Reproduced by kind permission of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin 102 Fig. 6.1 Georg Haas, The Children’s Games of Frederik VI (1771). From C. Gether (ed.), Kronprins og menneskebarn/ Kronprinz und Menschenkind (Sorø: Vestsjællands Kunstmuseum, 1988), 107. Reproduced courtesy of the Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark 113 Fig. 6.2 Cover of Avis for Børn (Copenhagen: Avise-Contoiret, 1780). Reproduced courtesy of The Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark 118 Fig. 8.1 Map of “Religions of the World” from Manfred Mai, Rund um die Weltreligionen: 66 Fragen und Antworten, illustrated by Rolf Bunse (Freiburg i.B.: Herder, 2008), 8–9. Reprinted by permission of Verlag Herder. 153 LIST OF FIGURES xiii Fig. 8.2 Illustration by Klaas Verplanke from Marita de Sterck, Glauben hat viele Namen: Die Religionen und ihre Feste, trans. Siegfried Mrotzek (München: Bertelsmann, 1997), 5. Reproduced with the artist’s permission 159 Fig. 9.1 L.M.G., “Fifth Lesson,” New York Journal, October 3, 1897. Reproduced courtesy of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum. 176 Fig. 9.2 L.M.G., “Third Lesson,”