NAGPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ESR (2019-20) ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT: NAGPUR CITY CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur Environment Status Report 2019-20 Executive Summary ESR 2019-20 The Environment Status Report is mainly created to record the status of the environment in the city. This will help formulate the correct responses towards environment protection and will provide a logical decision-making structure for responses to planners, policy makers and citizens. Each year, CSIR-NEERI carries out evaluation of different aspects of the environment of the city and formulates recommendations that can be used for improvement. Quality of life is linked with the environment, making this document very essential in planning development of the city. Listed below are the highlights of this year’s study; 1. Climate Change Local climatic factors that would influence Nagpur's exposure to climate change impacts have been studied, viz., (a) Temperature, and (b) Precipitation. Climate change impact of each risk factor on agricultural production, regional groundwater level, and energy use has been analyzed The number of extreme heat events per year is on the rise with 85% of the years (2000-2019) showing an above-average anomaly The annual rainfall pattern over Nagpur city has not changed significantly over the last 50 years. However, seasonal distribution of rainfall demonstrates significant pattern changes that could have a negative impact on agriculture 2. Water Environment The city experienced water scarcity from March to July 2019 96 -97% samples from Orange City Water Works were fit for drinking as per the criteria of Indian Drinking water standards (IS-10500-2012). Water quality data of lakes indicate high pollution levels that need addressing DNA analysis of the metagenome of two lakes indicate antibiotic resistant genes. This may be treated as a warning sign to improve treatment of sewage contaminated lakes, since these niches could act as hotspots for build up of the new emerging health concern – antibiotic resistant bacteria Aquifer mapping indicated shallow ground water levels and results of bacteriological analysis suggested that water was unfit for drinking The three rivers of Nagpur as well as major lakes have been analyzed in detail and indicate polluted status Environment Status Report 2019-20 3. Urban Green Spaces and Ecosystem Services Nagpur is witnessing rapid expansion of the city and increasing urban sprawl scenario due to over densification A survey was conducted across 100 wards to understand people’s perception of urban green space Ecosystem services of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are not accessible to all residents of Nagpur. Those who have access have expressed social and cultural benefits Any future planning of the city should factor in UGS development 4. Solid Waste On daily basis, Nagpur is generating an average of 1150-1200 tonnes (TPD) of waste, with an average per capita waste generation of 4.46 kg out of which only 150-200 TPD of waste is being processed Biomining at dump sites has been initiated by NMC Segregation practices have been initiated but are not in practice at household level Increasing awareness of citizens is a must to manage solid waste Buffer zones at dumpsites are crucial 5. Environmental Externalties Evaluation for Solid Waste Dumping at Bhandewadi Dumping Yard, Nagpur Every year, the CSIR-NEERI ESR aims to study one area of the environment to assess monetary evaluation of economic damage. This report focusses on solid waste Damage cost estimated due to the release of heavy metals into soil in the monsoon was found to be Rs 3.43 lakhs The study estimates a total incurred damage of about 19.424 Million INR or about ₹ 1.94 Crore per year due to externalities from Bhandewadi dumping 6. Ambient Air Quality Considerable spatial variations in the particulate matter and gaseous pollutant concentrations was observed The monthly variations in PM10 concentration showed that it is well below the threshold concentration at Industrial site, whereas at Commercial site, it exceeds the threshold during April-June and November, December and February Environment Status Report 2019-20 Air quality during lockdown showed marked improvement indicating the contribution of anthropogenic activity influence in usual scenarios Air quality management plan for the city has been described in detail with reference to source sectors and mitigation methods 7. Noise Environment An innovative approach has been introduced in this research study for noise monitoring using cycles mounted sound level meter Spatial noise maps were created which shows the noise exposure of the particular location 374 sampling locations were having noise level greater than 80 dB (A) whereas 325 sampling locations retained noise level between 60-80 dB (A). Only one sampling location was identified where the noise level was below 60 dB (A) The highest noise level of 105.8 dB (A) was observed in ward 33 across the ring road. Ward 35 is second noisiest ward with noise level 105.6 dB (A) 8. Economic And Social Profile Indicators Economic and social profile indicators are crucial to understand the growth and quality of life in any city There are 298 notified slums and 128 non notified and 33 new slum areas in Nagpur according to Slum “Patta Watap Cell” Nagpur Municipal Corporation This report chronicles the slums of the city, their rehabilitation plans and initiatives for slum development As per the report published by Oxford Economics, Nagpur is the fifth fastest growing city in the world growing at the GDP of 8.41% MIHAN is an acronym expands as Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur, is the India’s biggest economic development project and the flagship development project started by Government of Maharashtra. The project is planned to exploit the geographical location of Nagpur, which is centre of the country and to develop an integrated industrial, commercial, and transport hub. 9. Recommendations Chapter 10 lists all the recommendation made for improving the current status of the environment of the city Environment Status Report 2019-20 CSIR-NEERI can work with NMC to design workable strategies to address key issues plaguing the city, like lack of sewage treatment and solid waste management etc 10. This ESR contains a supplementary section that maps the wells of Nagpur. 666 wells, as per the list provided by NMC records were visited and status of each was ascertained. Zone wise mapping of the wells was carried out. Survey demonstrated that of the 666 total wells visited, 230 were found abandoned, 30 were used for drinking water and 36 were contaminated with sewage or solid waste Environment Status Report 2019-20 TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr No. Particulars Page No. 1 Introduction 1 2 Climate Change 9 3 Water Environment 27 4 Urban Green Spaces (UGS) and Ecosystem Services (ES) 102 5 Solid Waste 125 Environmental Externalties Evaluation for Solid Waste Dumping 6 153 at Bhandewadi Dumping Yard, Nagpur 7 Ambient Air Quality 174 Noise Environment: An Innovative Approach of Noise 8 201 Monitoring Using Cycle 9 Economic and Social Profile Indicators 205 10 Recommendations & Action Plan 226 11 Citizen’s corner 239 Supplementary Data: Status of wells in Nagpur City 250 Environment Status Report 2019-20 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure No. No. 1.1 Reference Map showing the distribution of ground truth points 4 Impact of extreme heat events based on severity and population 2.1 12 (adapted from Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) 2.2 Annual average temperature, compared with the 1970-2019 12 2.3 Extreme Heat Events Anomaly, compared with the 1970-2019 14 2.4 Decadal comparison of high heat days 14 2.5 Annual Rainfall anomaly, compared to 1970-2019 15 Comparison of Decadal Percent change in Rainfall with the baseline 2.6 16 decade of 1970-79 2.7 Decadal comparison of occurrence of rain days for 1970-2019 17 2.8 Cooling degree days anomaly, compared to 1970-2019 18 2.9 Change in ground water level during lean period (JAN-MAY) 23 3.1 Bacteriological quality at point of use water supply 32 Relative abundance (%) of bacterial diversity at Phylum level in 3.2 59 Gandhisagar (GS) and Gorewada (GW) lakes of Nagpur city Heatmap cluster showing abundance of Rhodococcus, Geobacter, 3.3 Desulfuromonas, Methylobacterium at genus level in Gorewada (GW) 60 lake than Gandhisagar Nagpur city Comparative analysis of genes responsible for various metabolic 3.4 pathways in microbial communities of Gandhisagar (blue) and 61 Gorewada lake (yellow) Donuts chart showing distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes 3.5 62 (ARGs) in Gorewada and Gandhisagar lakes of Nagpur 3.6 (a) Resistome profile of Gorewada lake 63 3.6 (b) Resistome profile of Gandhisagar lake 63 3.7 Ambazari Lake 70 3.8 Gandhisagar Lake 70 3.9 Sakkardara Lake 70 3.10 Futala Lake 70 Environment Status Report 2019-20 3.11 Sonegaon Lake 70 3.12 Naik Lake 70 3.13 Sampling Locations of Futala Lake 71 3.14 Water level measurement in Piezometer in NEERI 80 3.15 ERT locations in the Nagpur city 82 ERT survey at NADT, Shivchatrapati Nagar, Kharabi,behind Shri Taj 3.16 83 Traders, Jayanti Nagari, Trimurti Nagar, Kasturchand Park 3.17 Inverted section of NERT-1 84 3.18 Inverted section of NERT-2 84 3.19 Inverted section of NERT-3 85 3.20 Inverted section of NERT-4 85 3.21 Inverted section of NERT-5 86 3.22 Inverted section of NERT-6 86 An insight: Geographical location and Physico-chemical characteristics 3.23 91 of the studied