The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Spring 5-2016 Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi Hanna M. Miller University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Hanna M., "Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi" (2016). Honors Theses. 389. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/389 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi by Hanna Miller A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences May 2016 ii Approved by _________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Professor of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Shiao Y. Wang, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract The North American Coastal Plain contains some of the highest plant diversity in the temperate world. However, most of the region has remained unstudied, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the unique plant communities present there. This flora catalogues the vascular plant species along the Possum Walk Trail on the southeast corner of the Infinity Science Center in Hancock County, Mississippi. Additionally, interpretive signs have been developed to display information about engaging species and phenomena to increase public interest in native plant life and involve them conservation efforts. The site was surveyed from spring of 2015 to spring of 2016. 205 plant species were identified from 73 families, including 1 lycopod, 7 ferns, 4 gymnosperms, and 184 flowering plants, of which 49 are monocots and 144 are dicots. Of the species collected, 80% are native and 29% are endemic to the North American Coastal Plain. Key Words: flora, endemic species, interpretive sign, North American Coastal Plain, Hancock County, Mississippi iv Dedication This thesis is dedicated to Diane and Jeffrey Miller, A. Pearce, and B. Boleware. v Acknowledgements Thank you to Dr. Mac Alford for your unending guidance, knowledge, and sense of humor. Thanks to Joe Pettigrew and the staff at the Infinity Science Center for your assistance. Thanks to the Honors College and the University of Southern Mississippi for providing me with this opportunity. vi Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................x Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Review of Literature ..........................................................................................3 Chapter 3: Methodology ......................................................................................................8 Chapter 4: Checklist of the Vascular Flora ........................................................................10 Chapter 5: Discussion ........................................................................................................27 Chapter 6: Sign Transcripts ...............................................................................................30 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................33 vii List of Tables Table 1: Synopsis of the Major Kinds of Vascular Plants in the Flora..............................27 viii List of Figures Figure 1: Map of the Possum Walk Trail.............................................................................4 ix List of Abbreviations NACP – North American Coastal Plain PWT – Possum Walk Trail x Chapter 1: Introduction One of the most important steps in the process of developing conservation programs is gaining an understanding of what exactly you are trying to conserve. Without knowing which species reside in a certain area, it is difficult to create effective and lasting conservation strategies. Additionally, gaps in sampling can cause some areas that desperately need conservation to be ignored. One of the most glaring examples of this issue is the North American Coastal Plain (NACP). According to Noss et al. (2015), long held prejudices and lack of study within the NACP have resulted in this region failing to be categorized as a global biodiversity hotspot. The NACP has vascular plant endemism data that rivals hotspots listed in “Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities” (Myers et al., 2000). The NACP is home to 1625–1816 endemic plant species (depending on the boundary defined), outranking locales such as Central Chile (1605 spp.), the coastal forests of Tanzania and Kenya (1500 spp.), and the Caucasus (1600 spp.) (Myers et al., 2000; Noss et al., 2015). Although the designation of “hotspot” may seem like an arbitrary title, it draws attention to the fact that the listed areas have something very important and unique that is worth conserving. Producing novel research, however, will not be enough to increase conservation efforts in this region. The general public must be engaged and passionate about conserving the land in their own backyards to affect any real change. The main goal of this project is to conduct a flora of the Possum Walk Trail on the campus of the Infinity Science Center in Pearlington, Hancock County, Mississippi. The selection of this area of study is significant for several reasons. As Hancock County 1 lacks a specific floristic survey, this research provides a small sampling of the species present and is a foundation for a future larger-scale study of the entire county. The area has been subjected to a long series of natural and anthropogenic disturbances which have a tangible effect on the diversity of plant species present in the area. This trail lies around the center of the NACP and represents a juncture of Gulf Coast Flatwood and Floodplain/Low Terrace ecoregions which are known to house some of Mississippi’s most notable native plants, such as pitcher plants (Chapman et al., 2004). Lastly, the trail is frequented by members of the public who visit the Infinity Science Center which makes it a great location for interpretive signs that give information about the species that reside along the trail. The creation of these signs fulfills a secondary goal of this project: to increase public awareness of the surprising plant diversity in our region. 2 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Standards for Floras Although the scope of this survey is small, the data provide a valuable contribution to the knowledge of vascular plants occurring in Mississippi. The literature does not provide a consensus of what a flora must contain; however, professionals in the field have proposed information to include to make it useful beyond the direct necessity of its completion. Palmer, Wade, and Neal (1995) detail that floras should, at minimum, comprise information about the location and its environment, the taxonomic scope of the study, designation of voucher specimens and their location in herbaria, details of the effort and extent of the study, a summary table with numbers for different taxonomic levels, criteria for the designation of exotic and native species, and a well-organized, unambiguous list of the species. They suggest that floras also include a map of the site studied, an assessment of the completion of the study and its relationship to other works, details of the disturbance history of the site, and more specific data about the site and the species collected therein. Floras vary in their purpose depending on the scope of the study and the intentions of their creators. Perhaps the oldest known flora, Hortus Malabaricus (“Garden of Malabar”), was a large document that detailed 742 species from Malabar, India (Manilal, 2012). The main purpose of this flora was to describe the medicinal uses of 650 of the listed plants as well as information about what diseases they are effective against and instructions for their use. Many floras serve the simple yet important purpose of listing the species found in particular areas and compiling information that can be used by other botanists, conservationists, public works personnel, and planning professionals. 3 The goal of this flora is to produce as much useful data as possible so that it can be an effective addition to the studies already conducted in Mississippi and the North American Coastal Plain as a whole. 2.2 Basic Site Information and Characteristics The Possum Walk Trail (Possum Walk) is located north of Pearlington, Mississippi, near the Pearl River.