! ! ! ! 2014 WORKSHOP TELEPRESENCE-ENABLED EXPLORATION OF THE !EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN WHITE PAPER SUBMISSIONS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! TABLE OF CONTENTS ! ! NORTHERN PACIFIC! Deep Hawaiian Slopes 7 Amy Baco-Taylor (Florida State University) USS Stickleback (SS-415) 9 Alexis Catsambis (Naval History and Heritage Command's Underwater Archaeology Branch) Sunken Battlefield of Midway 10 Alexis Catsambis (Naval History and Heritage Command's Underwater Archaeology Branch) Systematic Mapping of the California Continental Borderland from the Northern Channel Islands to Ensenada, Mexico 11 Jason Chaytor (USGS) Southern California Borderland 16 Marie-Helene Cormier (University of Rhode Island) Expanded Exploration of Approaches to Pearl Harbor and Seabed Impacts Off Oahu, Hawaii 20 James Delgado (NOAA ONMS Maritime Heritage Program) Gulf of the Farallones NMS Shipwrecks and Submerged Prehistoric Landscape 22 James Delgado (NOAA ONMS Maritime Heritage Program) USS Independence 24 James Delgado (NOAA ONMS Maritime Heritage Program) Battle of Midway Survey and Characterization of USS Yorktown 26 James Delgado (NOAA ONMS Maritime Heritage Program) Deep Oases: Seamounts and Food-Falls (Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) 28 Andrew DeVogelaere (Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) Lost Shipping Containers in the Deep: Trash, Time Capsules, Artificial Reefs, or Stepping Stones for Invasive Species? 31 Andrew DeVogelaere (Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary) Channel Islands Early Sites and Unmapped Wrecks 33 Lynn Dodd (University of Southern California) Loihi Seamount 40 Brian Glazer (University of Hawaii) Battle of Midway Sunken Aircraft Survey 42 Kelly Gleason (NOAA/ONMS/Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument) ! ! Deep Bioluminescence and Biofluorescence Exploration 45 David Gruber (City University of New York/American Museum of Natural History) Western Aleutians at the Amchitka Pass 48 Katherine Kelley (URI) Surveys of Deep Habitat in Bodega Canyon and Continental Slope in Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary Proposed Expansion Area 51 Danielle Lipski (Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary) Trask Knoll and Santa Cruz Canyon 53 Jay Lunden (UC Santa Barbara) Exploration of the Mesophotic Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Au’Au Channel 56 Jonathan Martinez (NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries) Rodriguez and Adjacent Seamounts 59 Chris Mobley (Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary) Santa Cruz Escarpment 61 Chris Mobley (Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary) Footprint and Piggybank Reef 63 Chris Mobley (Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary) Northern Channel Islands Shelf Region 66 Craig Nicholson (UCSB) Amatignak Spur and Canyon, Aleutian (Ridge) Islands 70 David Scholl (USGS & University of Alaska Fairbanks) Alaska-Aleutian Transition Zone 73 Uri ten Brink (USGS) CENTRAL, EQUATORIAL & SOUTHWEST PACIFIC ! Kermadecs 76 Rachel Boschen (NIWA/Victoria University of Wellington) Exploration of the PRINM and of Seamounts With Mining Potential 79 Amy Baco-Taylor (Florida State University) Phoenix Islands 81 Erik Cordes (Temple University) Exploration of Bottomfish Habitat and Transition to the Deep Sea in the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa 84 Wendy Cover (National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa) Vailulu'u volcano and Muliava sanctuary management unit 86 Wendy Cover (National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa) Exploration of the NE Lau Basin - Northern Tonga Subduction Zone 88 Robert W. Embley (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), NOAA) ! ! Mesoamerican Trench 91 Elva Escobar (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Salas y Gómez and Nazca Ridges 94 Scott France (University of Louisiana at Lafayette) Society Island Hotspot 95 Chris German (WHOI) Rarotonga Hotspot 97 Matthew Jackson (UC Santa Barbara) Forearc to Arc Transition in the Northern Tonga Trench 101 Katherine Kelley (URI) Vailulu’u Seamount, Samoan Volcanic Chain 105 Jasper Konter (UH, SOEST) Active Volcanic Calderas of the Northern Lau Basin 110 John Lupton (NOAA PMEL) Samoan Clipper (NC16734) 115 Russ Matthews (TIGHAR) Survey of the South Pacific Gyre 120 Tim O’Hara (Museum Victoria, Australia) Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef 121 Emil Petruncio (U.S. Naval Academy) Manihiki Plateau Seamount Moats 125 Robert Pockalny (URI GSO) Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument 129 Brendan Roark (TAMU) Active Submarine Volcanoes of the Central Pacific 132 Kenneth Rubin (UH SOEST) Deep Sea Minerals 136 Alison Swaddling (Secretariat of the Pacific Community) Line Islands Area 137 Les Watling (UH Manoa) EASTERN PACIFIC! Benthic fauna of the seamounts surrounding Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island 139 Diva Amon (University of Hawaii at Manoa) Deep-sea fauna inhabiting Chilean canyons 141 Diva Amon (University of Hawaii at Manoa) Isla de Coco and Seamounts Marine Management Area 143 Peter Auster (Sea Research Foundation & University of Connecticut) ! ! Oceanographic processes and plankton community structure in the Salas y Gomez seamount chain in the SE Pacific 145 Jose Blanco (Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia) The Revillagigedo Archipelago and Mathematician Ridge 148 Steve Carey (University of Rhode Island) Pito Deep, EPR 152 Mike Cheadle (University of Wyoming) Costa Rica Margin 155 Erik Cordes (Temple University) Petit Spot Volcanism off the Coast of Chile 158 Fred Davis (Smithsonian Institution) Chile Rise 161 Brian Dreyer (University of California, Santa Cruz) Southern Gulf of California 164 Brian Dreyer (University of California, Santa Cruz) Deep Sea Macrobenthos of the Galapagos Archipelago and Rapa Nui 168 Robert Dunbar (Stanford) Understanding Submarine Volcanism and the Construction of Ocean Islands: Large Deep- Water Lava Flows in the Western Galápagos 171 Dan Fornari (WHOI) The Chemosynthetic Ecosystem off Peru and Chile 178 Victor Ariel Gallardo (Universidad de Concepcion, Departamento de Oceanografia) Colombian Pacific 179 Adriana Gracia (INVEMAR) Malpelo Ridge, Colombia 183 Santiago Herrera (MIT/WHOI) Biodiversity Hotspot Exploration on the Chilean Margin 186 Lisa Levin (Scripps) Peru Margin Habitat Heterogeneity 189 Lisa Levin (Scripps) Gorgona National Natural Park 191 Edgardo Londoño-Cruz (Universidad del Valle) Searching for Hydrothermal Circulation on the Gofar Transform Fault, EPR 193 Jeff McGuire (WHOI) Technology 196 Anna Michel (WHOI) Formation of an Intra-Transform Spreading Center in the Galapagos Transform Fault 198 !Eric Mittelstaedt (University of Idaho) ! Eastern Pacific Seamount Moats 202 Robert Pockalny (URI GSO) 2015 Pristine Seas Expedition to Clipperton 205 Enric Sala (National Geographic Society) Galapagos Rift 206 Timothy Shank (WHOI) Isle Guadalupe, Mexico 210 Alexander Simms (University of California Santa Barbara) East Pacific Rise, Off-Axis 211 Adam Soule (WHOI) Galapagos Deep Pelagic Biodiversity 217 Michael Vecchione (NMFS National Systematics Lab) Galapagos Platform 218 Dorsey Wanless (Boise State University) Hydrothermal Circulation Search on the Garrett Transform Fault, East Pacific Rise 222 Jessica Warren (Stanford University) East Pacific Rise Off-Axis Eruptions, Lavas and Fluid Flows 225 Scott White (University of South Carolina) Exploring the Effects of Magma Supply Gradients on the Galapagos Spreading Center and Adjacent Seamounts 228 Scott White (University of South Carolina) Volcano 7 & Other Seamounts Penetrating the OMZ 231 Karen Wishner (URI) ! ! ! ! NORTHERN PACIFIC Deep Hawaiian Slopes Amy Baco-Taylor (Florida State University) Collaborators Stephen Cairns (Smithsonian Institution) Henry Reiswig (Royal British Columbia Museum) Region Hawaii/Emperor Seamounts Rationale for Exploration Thanks to the assets and funding that have previously been available through the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory, many of the features of the Hawaiian Archipelago have been explored to depth of ~2000m. However the slopes of these features at depths >2000m remain a complete enigma. It has been shown in many studies that deep-sea coral and sponges communities are structure by depth, with corals known to depths of at least 6000m in other parts of the world. Therefore corals and sponges are likely to continue to be abundant well beyond 2000m. We propose exploration of any of the features of the Hawaiian Ridge at depths >2000m with the anticipation of finding many new species of deep-sea corals and sponges as well as other megafaunal invertebrates. Overview of Target Area The target area is the deep slopes (>2000m) of any of the features of the Hawaiian Archipelago and adjacent seamounts. Brief Overview of What is Known About this Area There has been extensive study of the deep-sea coral and fish communities of the Hawaiian Archipelago, but these have largely been focused in precious coral depths, to about 600m. Forays deeper have found equally rich and diverse deep-sea coral and sponge communities to depths of 2000m, with the distribution likely continuing on into the abyss. These studies have shown changeover in species composition of corals with increasing depth. Surveys over the last 3 decade have revealed an array of new species, even within the more well-explored areas, including 6 new genera and 21 new species of corals described in the last ~5 years. This high rate of species discovery suggests there is a plethora of undiscovered species new to science at all depths within the Archipelago. Feasibility of Studying this Target Area The advantage of this area for exploration over the more remote regions of the eastern Pacific is the short transit times. Honolulu provides a logistically easy port