Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1981 The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I. Albert Simeon Cote Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Cote, Albert Simeon Jr, "The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I." (1981). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3675. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3675 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing cr chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in "sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University M iudfilm s International 300 N. ZEEB RD.. ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 8207814 Cote, Albert Simeon, Jr. THE ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN "EIGENKIRCHE" AND THE ECCLESIASTICAL POLICY OF WILLIAM I The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical PH.D. 1981Col University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Read, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 by Cote, Albert Simeon, Jr. All Rights Reserved THE ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN EIQENKIRCHE AND THE ECCLESIASTICAL POLICY OF WILLIAM I A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Albert Simeon Cote, Jr. B.A.i Nicholls State University, 1972 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1975 December, 1981 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the following institutions and persons who made this dissertation possible: to the History Department at L. S. U. who gave financial support and patience; to the Middleton library for the use of its facilities, and special thanks to the Inter library department and the Rare book room who provided me with some otherwise inaccessible sources; to Firestone library at Princeton University for the use of its collections; to the Law library at L* S. U. for usage of its many journals and foreign books; and, finally to all the persons who gave me assistance at these institutions. I would like to thank especially the following persons who gave so much of their time and attention to my work: to the faculty of the History department at L. S. U. and the graduate assistants who gave advice, suggestions, and support; to Professors John Loos, Fred Youngs, Jim Bolner, Tom Owen, Cecil Eubanks, Rene Williamson, and others who guided me in my graduate schooling; to Professor Patrick Geary at Florida University who gave much advice on my analysis of the Norman proprietary church; to the late Mrs. Ernestine Trahan; to Professor Gary Crump who worked many years and hours with my writing of the thesis and dissertation; to Professor Sidney Cohen I give special thanks for initiating me into mediaeval studies; to my typist Mrs. Roider and her husband, Professor Roider; to my parents, MT.and Mrs. Albert S. Cote, Sr.; to my wife’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Hidalgo; to my wife, Mary H. Cote, and to my son, Jeffrey Cote, Iwant to thank sincerely for their moral support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments* ii Table of Contents •••** *•*•• iii Abbreviations ........... iv Abstract ••••••*•••••• vi Introduction. .•*.••.•••• viii Chapter X: The Eigenkirche and the Historiography of William I*s Ecclesiastical Policy * . 1 Chapter H : Theories of the Proprietary Church • • 25 Chapter III: The State of the Anglo-Saxon Church and the Proprietary Church *..... 59 Chapter IV: Anglo-Saxon Reform of the Proprietary Church 96 Chapter V: Proprietary Interests in the Ecclesiastical Policy of the Norman BukeB .... 1^5 Chapter VI: William's Ecclesiastical Policy in England 187 Chapter VII: William's Eigenkirche and Reform. • • 259 Chapter VIII: Gregory VII and William's Eigenkirche • 289 Conclusion ••••••••.... 530 Appendix A . * * * * * . • • • • • 33*t Appendix B.*******«*>« 338 Appendix C..*. •*•*.••• 3**0 Appendix B • • . ..•••••*• 3^1 Bibliography ••••••*.••• 3^ * 4 • 1 1 1 ABBREVIATIONS ASC The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle B Cartularium Saxonicum. Edited by Walter de Gray Birch. Bessin Concilia Rotomagensis Provinciae. Edited by G* Bessin Bouquet Recueildes historians des Gaules et de France. Edited by Don Bouquet. Ccuobi Med* Hist • The Cambridge Medieval History. Clover The Letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. Edited and translated by Helen Clover and Margaret Gibson. Davis, Regesta Regesta Regum Anglo-Nonnannormn. 1066- lly*-. Edited by H. W. C. Davis. DB Domesday Book seu Liber Censualis Willelm Primi Regis Angliae. DM The Domesday Monarchorum of Christ Church. Edited by D. C. Douglas. EHD English Historical Documents. Edited by Dorothy Whitelock. EHR English Historical Review. Fauroux Recueil des actes des dues de Normandie de 911 & 1066. Edited by M. Fauroux. Florence Florence of Worcester, Chronicon ex Chroniciis. Edited by B. Thorpe. Gsill* Christ* Gallia Christiana. GP William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Pon- tificum Anglorum. GR William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum. HE Bede, Historia Ecclesiastics Gent is ABBREVIATIONS (Con't.) Hefele-Leclercq Hefele, J.C. Hietoire dee conciles d» spares les documents originaux. Eadmer, Histoids Novorum. K Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici. Edited by J. Kemble* Mansi Mansi, Q. D. Sacrorum Coniliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio* MSH Monuments Germanise Histories. Ordericus Vitalis Ordericus Vltalis, Historia Ecclesi­ astics. PL Patrologiae Latinae Cursus CompletUB. Edited by J. P. Migne. Round Calendar of Documents preserved in France. Edited by J. H. Round. RS Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scrip- tores. Wilkins Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae. Edited by David Wilkins. v ABSTRACT The eigenkirche or proprietary church was an important factor in the ecclesiastical policy of William I* In previous studies, the proprietary church was considered purely a local phenomenon. Wil­ liam's religious concerns in Normandy and England demonstrate the eigenkirche1s role at the local, royal, and international levels. An examination of the legal sources is critical to understanding the proprietary church in Anglo-Saxon England, Normandy, and Norman England. The Anglo-Saxon charters provide important examples of the private church and monastery in the pre-Conquesb period. In Normandy, the ducal charters, once inaccessible because of archival problems, are now available for analysis of the Norman Church. For England, the Domesday Book yields detailed information about churches and ecclesiastical property before 1066 and afterwards. This study, in contrast to former works which relied upon narrative sources, depends extensively on these legal documents. The Anglo-Saxon Church, as revealed in the charters, waB a loosely organized system dominated by private interests. Churches, mona­ steries, and ecclesiastical property were owned outright by individu­ als and corporations (secular and religious). Despite the efforts of reformers like Duns tan, the Anglo-Saxon Church remained fragmented until the Conquest. William's invasion of England radically changed the condition of the Church. The Conqueror introduced his'Norman ecclesiastical policy. In NormanJy, the duke had gained control over the Church through feudalism. In particular, allodial lands and vi churches of the noble class were feudalised, but that group retained its