INTERNET ROUTING ALGORITHMS, TRANSMISSION AND TIME: TOWARD A CONCEPT OF TRANSMISSIVE CONTROL by Fenwick Robert Mc"e#$ey M%&ter o' A !&, Toronto, ())* +%c,e#or o' A !&, Ha#i'%-, ()). A /i&&ertation 0resented to Ryerson Uni$ersity %n/ 1o k Uni$ersity in 0%rti%# '2#3##4ent o' !,e req2iremen!& 'or !,e /egree o' Doctor o' P,i#o&o0,y in !,e Pro6 %4 o' Co442nic%tion %n/ C2#!2re Toronto, On!%rio, C%na/%, ()78 9 Fenwick Mc"e#$ey ()78 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-93379-4 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-93379-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. 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A2!,o :& Dec#% %tion For E#ectronic S2b4i&&ion O' A Di&&ertation I ,ereby /ec#%re !,%t I %4 !,e &o#e %2!,or o' !,i& /i&&ertation. T,i& i& % ! 2e co0y o' !,e /i&&ertation, inc#2/in6 %ny req2ired 3na# re$i&ions, %& %cce0ted by 4y e-%4iners; I %2!,ori<e Ryerson Uni$ersity to #en/ !,i& /i&&ertation to o!,er insti!2tions or in/i$i/2%#& 'or !,e 02 0o&e o' &c,o#% #y researc,; I '2 !,er %2!,ori<e Ryerson Uni$ersity to re0ro/2ce !,i& /i&&ertation by 0,otoco0yin6 or by o!,er 4eans, in to!%# or in 0%rt, %t !,e req2est o' o!,er insti!2tions or in/i$i/2%#& 'or !,e 02 0o&e o' &c,o#% #y researc,; I 2n/ers!%n/ !,%t 4y /i&&ertation 4%y be 4%/e e#ectronic%##y %$%i#%b#e to !,e 02b#ic; = ii = Ab&! %c! In!e ne! Ro2!in6 A#6o i!,4&, T %n&4i&&ion %n/ Ti4e: Tow% / % Conce0t o' T %n&4i&&i$e Con! o# Doc!o o' P,i#o&o0,y, ()78 Fenwick Rober! Mc"e#$ey Co442nic%!ion %n/ C2#!2 e Rye &on Uni$e &i!y %n/ 1o k Uni$e &i!y T,i& /i&&e !%tion /e$e#o0& !,e conce0! o' transmissive control !o e-0#o e !,e con&e52ence& o' c,%n6es in In!erne! ro2tin6 'o co442nic%tion on#ine; W,e e ! %n&4i&&ion o'!en /eno!e& %n %ct o' e-c,%n6in6 in'o 4%!ion be!ween &en/er %n/ recei$e , ! %n&4i&&i$e con!ro# !,eo i<e& ! %n&4i&&ion %& !,e 0 o/2c!ion %n/ %&&i6n4en! o' co44on !i4e& o !e40o %#i!ie& be!ween co40onen!& o' % co442nic%tion &y&!e4; T %n&4i&&i$e con! o# '2nc!ion& bo!, o0e %tion%##y %cco /in6 to ,ow co402!%!ion%# %#6o i!,4& o2!e In!e ne! /%!% >known %& 0%cke!&? %n/ &y&@ !e4%!ic%##y %cco /in6 !o ,ow 0%!!e n& in !,e&e o0e %tion& e-0 e&& !e40o %#i!ie& o' coo /in%@ !ion %n/ con! o#; T %ns4i&&i$e con! o# 52es!ion& ,ow %#6o i!,4& ! %n&4i! 0%cke!& %n/ ,ow ! %n&4i&&ion e-0 e&&e& $%#2%b#e !e40o %#i!ie& wi!,in !,e In!erne!; T,e conce0t o' ! %n&4i&&i$e con! o# /e$e#o0e/ %& % e&0on&e !o %/$%nce/ In!e ne! o2!in6 %#6o i!,4& !,%! ,%$e 6 e%!e %w% ene&& o' 0%cke!& %n/ 4o e c%0%ci!y !o in!e $ene /2 in6 ! %n&4i&&ion; T,e !e40o %#i!y o' !,e In!e ne! i& c,%n6in6 /2e !o !,e&e %#6o i!,4&; W,e e ! %n&4i&&i$e con! o# ,%& been 4%/e 0o&&ib#e by !,e In!e ne!A& co e asynchronous /esi6n !,%! %##ow& 'o 4%ny /iBe en! !e40o %#i!ie& !o be &i42#!%neo2& >&2c, %& e%#=!i4e ne!wo k& o !i4e=&,% in6 netwo k&?, !,i& /i$e &i!y ,%& !%-e/ !,e e&o2 ce& o' !,e In!e net in' %&! 2c!2 e %& we## %& !,e b2&ine&& 4o/e#& o' 4o&! In!e ne! Se $ice P o$i/e & >ISP&?; To b in6 !,e !e40o %#@ = iii = ity o' !,e In!erne! b%ck 2n/er con! o#, ISP& %n/ o!,er ne!wo k %/4ini&! %to & ,%$e !2 ned !o ! %ns4i&&i$e con! o# !o be!!er 4%na6e !,ei eso2 ce&; T,ei %c!i$i!ie& &,i'! !,e In!erne! ' o4 %n %&ync, ono2& te40o %#ity to % poly-chronous te40o %#ity w,e e netwo k %/4ini&! %!o & &e! %n/ 4%n%6e !,e ti4e& o' !,e In!e ne!; W,e e !,i& !2 n !o ! %Cc 4%n%6e4ent ,%& o'ten been ' %4e/ %& % /eb%!e o$e !,e ne2! %#@ i!y o' !,e In!e ne!, !,e /i&&e !%!ion e=o ien!%!e& !,e /eb%!e % o2n/ ! %n&4i&&i$e con!ro#; T%c@ !ic& by !,e %n!i=co0y i6,! Pi %!e +%y %n/ In!erne! ! %n&0% ency 0 oDec!& i##2&! %!e 0o!en!i%# 0o#i!ic%# %n/ 0o#icy e&0on&e& !o ! %n&4i&&i$e con! o#; T,e 'o 4e &eek& !o e#2/e i!& con! o# w,e e !,e #%!!e &eek& !o e-0o&e i!& o0e %!ion; T,e&e co40onen!& %& we## %& !,e o0e %!ion o' ! %n&4i&&i$e con! o# wi## be /e$e#o0e/ !, o26, % &e ie& o' 4e!%0,o & ' o4 !,e 3#4 Inception, !,e /e4on& o' P%n/e4oni24, !,e no$e# Moby-Dick %n/ !,e 3#4 Stalker; E%c, 4e!%0,o coo0er%!e !o 0 o$i/e % co40 e,ensi$e /i&c2&&ion o' ! %n&4i&&i$e con! o#; = i$ = Acknow#ed6emen!& T,i& /i&&er!%!ion e&2#!& ' o4 'o2r ye% & o' wo k 2n/e !%ken in Toronto; I ,%$e bene3!te/ ' o4 !,e 6ene o&i!y %n/ !,e &200o ! o' 4%ny w,o 4%ke !,i& ci!y &2c, % $ib %n! in!e##ec!2%# en$i on4en!; I wo2#/ #ike !o %cknow#e/6e &o4e o' !,o&e w,o ,%$e inE2enced o /i ec!#y con@ trib2ted to !,i& 0roDec!; Acknow#ed6emen!& %re !,e 4o&t i40o !%nt 0%rt o' %ny wo k to 4e; I ,o0e !,e&e 'ew wo /& /e4on&! %!e in &4%## 4e%&2 e ,ow 42c, !,o&e #i&!e/ be#ow ,%$e n2 @ !2 ed 4e in !,i& Do2 ney; T,e In'o&c%0e Cen! e 'o !,e S!2/y o' Soci%# Me/i% ,%& been 4y ! 2e %c%/e4ic ,o4e; I! &,o2#/ be !,e !,i / 2ni$e &i!y #i&!e/ on 4y /e6 ee; I wi&, !o !,%nk %## 0 e&en! %n/ 0%&! 4e4@ be & o' !,e Cen! e inc#2/in6: P%2# Goo/ ick, Pe!e Ry%n, S!e$en F%4e& M%y, Fo%nn% Re//en, 12k% i Seko %n/ P%2# Ve!; 1o2 ,%$e %## been won/e '2# 0ee & G 4%kin6 % 0#%ce o'!en ' %26,! wi!, HVAC i&&2e& 42c, 4o e ,o&0i!%b#e; A &0eci%# !,%nk& 6oe& !o !,e bi6 62y H%c,% y De$e e%2-, !o A#e&&%n/ % Ren<i 'o #e%/in6 4e /own !,i& 4e!%0,o ic 0%!, 'o be!!e o wo &e, !o E ik% +i//#e 'o !e%c,in6 4e % #i!!#e 4o e %bo2! 6 %44% %4on6 o!,e !,in6& %n/ 3n%##y to G%nae#e L%n6#oi& w,o ,%& ,%/ % ! e4en/o2& inE2ence on 4y e&e% c,; T,e Foin! P o6 %4 in Co442nic%!ion %n/ C2#!2 e co4bine& '%c2#!y ' o4 Rye &on %n/ 1o k Uni$e &i!ie&; I ,%$e benefi!!e/ ' o4 !,e &200o ! %n/ kin/ne&& o' '%c2#!y ' o4 bo!, /e0% !4en!&; S0eci%# !,%nk& 6oe& !o C,% #e& D%$i&, Anne M%cLennan, C%!,erine Mi//#e!on, Co#in Mooe &, I&%be# Pe/e &en %n/ D%$i/ Skinne ; E%c, ,%$e been % &o2 ce o' in&0i %!ion%# !o 4e %n/ % e4in/e o' !,e e4% k%b#e co442ni!y 0o&&ib#e %! % 2ni$e &i!y; T,o26, no! in !,e Co442nic%!ion %n/ C2#!2 e 0 o6 %4, An/ ew C#e4en!, G% y Geno&ko %n/ Le&#ie Re6%n S,%/e ,%$e been ! e4en/o2&#y &200o !i$e %n/ 6ene o2& wi!, !,ei !i4e; So4e o' Rye &onA& 3ne&! &!%B ,%$e been ! e4en/o2&#y 6i$in6 wi!, 4e; C,%0!e Fo2 /e0en/ed on !,e 0%tience %n/ tec,nic%# &200o ! o' "en Woo %n/ "en Conne##; T,%nk& to Fo Ann M%ckie 'o 62i/in6 4e !,ro26, !,e 0 oce&&e& o' !,e Co442nic%!ion %n/ C2#!2 e 0 o@ = $ = 6 %4; A &0eci%# !,%nk& !o M%ny Ay o4#o2 'o ,o&!in6 4e 4%ny !i4e& in 4y '%$o2 i!e 0#%ce on c%402& – ,i& oCce G %n/ !o P%! ick Wi##i%4& 'o kee0in6 4e in &,%0e 4en!%##y %n/ 0,y&ic@ %##y; I ,%$e %#&o been ! e4en/o2&#y 'o !2n%!e !o ,%$e !,e &200o ! o' co##e%62e& beyon/ To on!o; I wi&, !o !,%nk S!e$e An/e &on, So#on +% oc%&, T%in% +2c,e , Lo2i& C% be !, D%nie# Downe&, Fo%nn% E$eri!!, D%nie# " ei&&, S2&%n OADonne##, C, i&to0,e P% &on&, Fere4y S,tern, T%4% % S4%##, Ne%# T,o4%& %n/ "enne!, C; Werbin; T,%nk& 'o #i&tenin6 to 4y i/e%&, &,% in6 yo2 own %n/ c e%!in6 % /i%#o62e !,%! I ,o0e !o &2&!%in o$e !,e ye% & !o co4e; F ien/& %n/ '%4i#y ,%$e been $i!%# !o kee0in6 4e 6oin6 o$er !,e ye% &; T,%nk& !o 4y '%4@ i#y – Mo4, D%/, Fo,n %n/ L%2 en – 'or 02!!in6 20 wi!, !,ei E%ky &onIb o!,er #on6 eno26, !o &ee 4e %c!2%##y 3ni&, &c,oo# %n/ !o Fi##i%n Witt 'o bein6 % %inbow in con! %&t to &o4e o' !,e b#e%ke ,2e& o' w i!in6; L2ke Si4coe %n/ A; + %/y C2 #ew bo!, /e&e $e % &0eci%# no/ 'o kee0in6 4e in 6oo/ &0i i!& %n/ ,one&!; T,e 3n%# wo /& 6o !o 4y co44i!!ee w,o ,%$e !%26,! 4e &o 42c,; T,%nk& 6oe& 3 &! !o A$ne Le$in %n/ D% in +% ney 'o &e $in6 %& e-!e n%#& on 4y co44i!!ee; 1o2 bo!, oBe e/ insi6,! !,%t wi## / i$e 4y '2!2 e wo k; Robe t L%!,%4 %n/ +% b% % Crow bo!, &er$e/ %& co4@ 4i!!ee 4e4be & %n/ bo!, e0 e&en! !,inke & !o w,o4 I %&0i e; I %4 $e y 6 %!e'2# 'o %## yo2 !i4e, /i&c2&&ion %n/ 'ee/b%ck; T,o26, !,e e i& no 'o 4%# /e/ic%!ion, no 0e &on i& 4o e i40o !%n! !o !,i& wo k o !o 4y !i4e in To on!o !,%n G e6 E#4e ; T,%nk yo2 'o bein6 4y &20er$i&or %n/ 4y ' ien/; = $i = T%b#e o' Con!en!& Ch%0ter One: Intro/2ction;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 7 An Intro/2ction to T %ns4i&&i$e Contro#;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;7 ObDecti$es;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;*