www.urisa.org GIS-Pro 2016: URISA’s 54th Annual Conference October 31-November 3, 2016 Westin Harbour Castle Toronto, Ontario Canada Volume 27 • No. 1 Journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association CONTENTS Contents 7 A Look at GIS Certification Programs and their Challenges for Higher Education Thomas A. Wikle 13 An Analysis of Benefits from Use of Geographic Information Systems by King County, Washington Richard Zerbe, Dani Fumia, Travis Reynolds, Pradeep Singh, Tyler Scott, and Gregory Babinski 29 A Personal Account of Guidelines for Estimating GIS Return on Investment Bruce Joffe 47 Quality Control for the Development of the Bruneian Geocoded Address Database Nor Zetty A. Hamid, Samsung Lim, and Sanjeev Kumar Jha 57 Crowdsourcing Bicycle Volumes: Exploring the Role of Volunteered Geographic Information and Established Monitoring Methods Greg P. Griffin and Junfeng Jiao Journal Publisher: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Jochen Albrecht Journal Coordinator: Wendy Nelson Electronic Journal: http://www.urisa.org/resources/urisa-journal/ EDITORIAL OFFICE: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, 701 Lee Street, Suite 680, Des Plaines, Illinois 60016; Voice (847) 824-6300; Fax (847) 824-6363; E-mail [email protected]. SUBMISSIONS: This publication accepts from authors an exclusive right of first publication to their article plus an accompanying grant of non- exclusive full rights. The publisher requires that full credit for first publication in theURISA Journal is provided in any subsequent electronic or print publications. For more information, the “Manuscript Submission Guidelines for Refereed Articles” is available on our website, www.urisa. org, or by calling (847) 824-6300. 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However, neither the content (whether written or oral) of any course, seminar, or other presentation, nor the use of a specific product in conjunction there- with, nor the exhibition of any materials by any party coincident with the educational event, should be construed as indicating endorsement or approval of the views presented, the products used, or the materials exhibited by URISA, or by its committees, Special Interest Groups, Chapters, or other commissions. SUBSCRIPTION RATE: One year: $295 business, libraries, government agencies, and public institutions. Individuals interested in subscriptions should contact URISA for membership information. US ISSN 1045-8077 2 URISA Journal • Vol. 27, No. 1 EDITORIAL BOARD Francis J. Harvey, Department of Geography, URISA Journal Editor Editorial Board University of Minnesota Editor-in-Chief Bin Jiang, University of Gävle, Sweden Jochen Albrecht, PhD, Associate Professor for Peggy Agouris, Center for Earth Observing Richard Klosterman, Department of Geography Computational and Theoretical Geography. Hunter and Space Research, George Mason University, and Planning, University of Akron College, New York, NY Virginia Jeremy Mennis, Department of Geography and David Arctur, Open Geospatial Consortium Urban Studies, Temple University Greg Babinski, GISP, King County Nancy von Meyer, GISP, Fairview Industries Thematic Editors: (Washington) GIS Center Harvey J. Miller, Department of Geography, Michael Batty, Centre for Advanced Spatial University of Utah Sustainability Analysis and Decision Analysis, University College London (United Support Systems: Kingdom) Zorica Nedovic-Budic, School of Geography, Timothy Nyerges, University of Washington Planning and Environmental Policy, University Kate Beard, Department of Spatial Information College, Dublin (Ireland) Participatory GIS and Related Applications: Science and Engineering, University of Maine Laxmi Ramasubramanian , Hunter College Timothy Nyerges, University of Washington, Yvan Bédard, Centre for Research in Geomatics, Department of Geography, Seattle Social, Economic, Governance and Political Laval University (Canada) Sciences: Harlan Onsrud, Spatial Information Science Itzhak Benenson, Department of Geography, Francis Harvey, University of Minnesota and Engineering, University of Maine Tel Aviv University (Israel) GIScience: Zhong-Ren Peng, Department of Urban and Al Butler, GISP, Milepost Zero Harvey Miller, University of Utah Regional Planning, University of Florida Barbara P. Buttenfield, Department of Urban and Regional Systems and Modeling: Laxmi Ramasubramanian, Hunter College, Geography, University of Colorado Itzhak Benenson, Tel Aviv University Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, Keith C. Clarke, Department of Geography, New York City University of California-Santa Barbara Carl Reed, Open Geospatial Consortium David Coleman, Department of Geodesy and Claus Rinner, Department of Geography, Geomatics Engineering, University of New Ryerson University (Canada) Brunswick (Canada) Monika Sester, Institute of Cartography and Paul Cote, Graduate School of Design, Harvard Geoinformatics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, University Germany David J. Cowen, Department of Geography, David Tulloch, Department of Landscape University of South Carolina Architecture, Rutgers University William J. Craig, GISP, Center for Urban and Stephen J. Ventura, Department of Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota Environmental Studies and Soil Science, Robert G. Cromley, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Connecticut Barry Wellar, Department of Geography, Michael Gould, Environmental Systems University of Ottawa (Canada) Research Institute Lyna Wiggins, Department of Planning, Klaus Greve, Department of Geography, Rutgers University University of Bonn (Germany) F. Benjamin Zhan, Department of Geography, Daniel A. Griffith, Geographic Information Texas State University-San Marcos Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas URISA Journal • Vol. 27, No. 1 3 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Editorials in the URISA Journal are quite rare. I have counted a approaches to determine return on investment of GIS implemen- grand total of five over the past 26 years of the journal’s existence tations. They cover the range of feasibilities depending on whether and the last one being my own from 2006. They are typically you have significant institutional support or are “just” working written to either take stock and/or announce major changes. One from your experience. Shared experiences are the hallmark of two of those major changes took place after ten years when the new other articles, one on volunteered geographic information and editor Harlan Onsrud dropped many of its features and made it the other on address databases. a decidedly academic outlet with an ambitious restructuring of There is no need to abandon academic work though. The two the Editorial Board that pushed a science agenda. articles by Babinski and Wikle bookend the range of academic That change was very successful from the perspective of an work that is of eminent practical value to our readers. As we academic readership but, as I argued in 2006, it left behind the are expanding from the certification of GIS professionals to the majority of URISA members. Returning to the editorial chair last accreditation of GIS programs, we need to see what is coming year, I can’t but be impressed by the momentum that Harlan’s down the pipeline and what is going to influence the job market shift still seems to exert. Virtually all submissions to the journal in urban and regional systems. An example of such a journal is are still coming from academia, while the percentage of URISA the Harvard Business Review. Highbrow but not ivory tower; members hailing from universities has dwindled to under 3%. definitely not a trade magazine but a resource. Typically written When the Journal was founded, Charles Kindleberger wrote by experienced managers but augmented with reviews of academic in his inaugural address that it was “aimed at readers at the policy- work, covering the widest range of business cases imaginable. making and management levels of government, in addition to To accomplish this, requires a vision of success that I am general practitioners, teachers and researchers, vendors, and quoting from Kindleberger’s inaugural remarks: “Success depends students”. And this is exactly where I would like to take us back on those who are willing to prepare an article and requires active to. There is a plethora of GIScience journals out there but not readers willing to describe their own successes and failures, and a single one that addresses the needs of GIS managers. We have to express their own opinions about our dynamic field. I would a long tradition of honoring exemplary systems in government like to see our issues in a lot of accessible places: on the coffee (ESIG) and go through great efforts developing criteria and vet- table in offices of the mayor, city