[ \ 2013 ANNUAL REPORT "ECOWAS’ Adaptation to Climate, Security and Development Changes” Abuja, December 2013 [2] TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... 4 ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 8 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER I: RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN WEST AFRICA ...................................................................... 29 1.1 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 29 1.2 GROWTH OF THE AFRICAN ECONOMY ........................................................................................................................ 32 1.3 WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIES .................................................................................................................................... 34 1.3.1. Economic growth .................................................................................................................................. 34 1.3.2. Inflation ................................................................................................................................................ 35 1.3.3. Budget deficit ....................................................................................................................................... 36 1.3.4. Current account balance ...................................................................................................................... 37 1.3.4. Public debt............................................................................................................................................ 37 1.4 REVIEW OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND REFORMS IN ECOWAS MEMBER STATES ....................................................... 38 CHAPTER II: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNITY WORK PROGRAMME ....................................................... 46 2.1 HARMONIZATION OF MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRIVATE SECTOR PROMOTION .......................................................... 46 2.1.1 Multilateral Surveillance........................................................................................................................ 46 2.1.2 Private Sector Promotion ....................................................................................................................... 49 2.1.3 Research and Statistics .......................................................................................................................... 51 2.1.4 Community Development Programme (CDP)......................................................................................... 52 2.1.5 Economic Policy Analysis Unit (EPAU) .................................................................................................... 53 2.2. TRADE, CUSTOMS, INDUSTRY, MINES, FREE MOVEMENT AND TOURISM .......................................................................... 54 2.2.1 Trade ..................................................................................................................................................... 54 2.2.2 Customs ................................................................................................................................................. 57 2.2.3 Industry and Mines ................................................................................................................................ 59 2.2.4 Free Movement of Persons .................................................................................................................... 60 2.3 AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND WATER RESOURCES .................................................................................................... 62 2.3.1 Agricultural Development...................................................................................................................... 62 2.3.2 Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 67 2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 69 2.4.1 Transport ............................................................................................................................................... 69 2.4.2 Telecommunications .............................................................................................................................. 72 2.4.3 Energy .................................................................................................................................................... 73 2.5. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 73 2.5.1 Humanitarian Affairs and Social Affairs ................................................................................................ 73 2.5.2 Gender, Child Development, Youth/Sports, Civil Society, Employment and Drug Control ..................... 74 2.5.3 ECOWAS Gender Development Centre .................................................................................................. 76 2.5.4 Education, Culture, Science and Technology.......................................................................................... 78 2.5.5 ECOWAS Youth and Sports Development Centre .................................................................................. 79 2.5.6 Malaria Elimination Programme ........................................................................................................... 80 2.6. POLITICAL AFFAIRS, REGIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY ........................................................................................................ 80 2.6.1 Political Affairs....................................................................................................................................... 80 2.6.2 Peacekeeping and Regional Security ..................................................................................................... 83 2.7. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ................................................................................................ 84 2.8 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MATTER .......................................................................................................................... 85 2.8.1 Legal Affairs ........................................................................................................................................... 85 2.8.2 Strategic Planning ................................................................................................................................. 86 2.8.3 Monitoring and Evaluation System ....................................................................................................... 87 2.8.4 External Relations .................................................................................................................................. 88 2.8.5 Communication ..................................................................................................................................... 89 2.8.6 ECOWAS Peace Fund ............................................................................................................................. 90 [3] CHAPTER III: ECOWAS’ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE, SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT ............................................. 92 3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ECOWAS REGION ....................................................................................... 92 3.1.1 Overall impacts on West Africa ............................................................................................................. 93 3.1.2 Impact on plants and agriculture, livestock, water resources and migration ....................................... 94 3.2. ECOWAS RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD SECURITY, AND NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGES. .................................................. 97 3.2.1 ECOWAS Agricultural Policy (ECOWAP) ................................................................................................. 97 3.2.2 ECOWAS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (ECOWEP) .......................................................................................................... 97 3.2.3 WEST AFRICAN WATER RESOURCES POLICY (PREAO) .................................................................................................... 98 3.2.4 Strategic Vulnerability Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Programme