Frank Kowalski Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2010 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011061 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm90079561 Prepared by Marqaret H. McAleer Collection Summary Title: Frank Kowalski Papers Span Dates: 1925-1976 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1948-1963) ID No.: MSS79561 Creator: Kowalski, Frank, 1907-1974 Extent: 7,500 items ; 20 containers plus 1 classified and 1 oversize ; 11 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Army officer and United States representative from Connecticut. Correspondence, memoranda, writings, speeches, reports, military orders, patents, newspaper clippings, printed materials, scrapbooks, drawings, and photographs pertaining primarily to Kowalski's career in the United States Army (1925-1958) and in the House of Representatives (1959-1963). Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Akama, Bunzō, 1898- --Correspondence. Bailey, John M. (John Moran), 1904-1975. Benton, William, 1900-1973--Correspondence. Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986--Correspondence. Brucker, Wilber Marion, 1894-1968--Correspondence. Burke, Arleigh A., 1901-1996--Correspondence. Davis, Chester R., 1896-1966--Correspondence. Hayashi, Keizo, 1907- --Correspondence. Huie, William Bradford, 1910-1986--Correspondence. Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968--Correspondence. Konda, Hiroo--Correspondence. Kowalski, Frank, 1907-1974. Kowalski, Frank, 1907-1974. Niho Saisumbi. 1969. Masuhara, Keikichi, 1903- --Correspondence. Mills, Wilbur D. (Wilbur Daigh), 1909- --Correspondence. Nishioka, Hirokichi, 1893- --Correspondence. Powell, Adam Clayton, 1908-1972--Correspondence. Rayburn, Sam, 1882-1961--Correspondence. Ribicoff, Abraham, 1910-1998--Correspondence. Takeda, Yoshizō, 1885- --Correspondence. Taylor, Maxwell D. (Maxwell Davenport), 1901-1987--Correspondence. Organizations Japan. Keisatsu Yobitai. United States Army Command Management School. United States. Army--Management. United States. Army--Officers. United States. Army. Forces in the European Theater. Disarmament School. United States. Congress. House. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Special Subcommittee on the Utilization of Manpower in the Military. United States. Subversive Activities Control Board. Frank Kowalski Papers 2 Subjects Labor disputes--Connecticut. Manpower planning--United States. Military government--Japan. Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--United States. World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Polish. Places Connecticut--Politics and government. Fort Belvoir (Va.) Germany--Armed Forces--Demobilization. Japan--Defenses. Japan--Foreign relations--United States. Japan--History--Allied occupation, 1945-1952. Poland--Economic conditions--1945-1981. Poland--Politics and government--1945-1980. Poland--Social conditions--1945- United States--Foreign relations--1945- United States--Foreign relations--Japan. United States--Politics and government--1945- Occupations Army officers. Representatives, U.S. Congress--Connecticut. Administrative Information Provenance The papers of Frank Kowalski, army officer and United States representative from Connecticut, were given to the Library of Congress by his son, Barry Kowalski, in 1990. A small addition was given by Richard Lowitt in 1992. Processing History The Kowalski Papers were processed in 1992. The finding aid was revised in 2010. Additional Guides A description of the Kowalski Papers appears in Library of Congress Acquisitions: Manuscript Division, 1990: 16-19. Transfers Motion picture films and sound recordings have been transferred to the Library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division where they are identified as part of these papers. Copyright Status Copyright in the unpublished writings of Frank Kowalski in these papers and in other collections in the custody of the Library of Congress is reserved. Consult reference staff in the Manuscript Division for further information. Access and Restrictions The papers of Frank Kowalski are open to research. Researchers are advised to contact the Manuscript Reading Room prior to visiting. Many collections are stored off-site and advance notice is needed to retrieve these items for research use. Security Classified Documents Government regulations control the use of security classified items in this collection. Manuscript Division staff can furnish information concerning access to and use of classified material. Frank Kowalski Papers 3 Preferred Citation Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Container number, Frank Kowalski Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Biographical Note Date Event 1907, Oct. 18 Born, Meriden, Conn. 1925 Enlisted in United States Army 1926 Appointed to United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. 1930 Graduated, United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. 1930-1943 Various infantry and ordnance assignments 1937 M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 1944 Chief, Training Branch, G-3 Section, European Theater of Operations 1944-1945 Director, Disarmament School, London, England 1944 Promoted to colonel, United States Army 1945 Deputy chief, Information and Education Division, European Theater of Operations Headquarters 1945-1946 Attended second European staff officers' studies course, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. 1946-1947 Liaison officer, Legislative Liaison Division, War Department, Washington, D.C. 1948 Chief, military government, Kyoto and Osaka, Japan 1949-1950 Chief, civil affairs region, Chugoku, Japan 1950-1952 Deputy chief, Civil Affairs Section, General Headquarters, Supreme Commander Allied Powers; and chief of staff, United States Military Advisory Group, Japanese National Police Reserve 1953-1954 Post commander, Camp Pickett, Va. 1954-1958 Commandant, Army Command Management School, Fort Belvoir, Va. 1958, July Retired from United States Army 1959-1963 Congressman-at-large from Connecticut, United States Congress, Washington, D.C. 1963-1966 Member, Subversive Activities Control Board, Washington, D.C. 1974, Oct. 11 Died, Washington, D.C. Frank Kowalski Papers 4 Scope and Content Note The papers of Frank Kowalski (1907-1974) cover the years 1925-1976, with the bulk of the material dating from 1948 through 1963. The collection documents Kowalski's career in the United States Army from 1925 to 1958 and his two terms representing Connecticut in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1963. A significant part of the papers pertains to Kowalski's role in the United States occupation of Japan following World War II and his involvement in the establishment of the Japanese National Police Reserve (Keisatsu Yobitai) between 1950 and 1952. The papers consist of correspondence, memoranda, military orders, reports, printed matter, speeches and other writings, drawings, patents, photographs, scrapbooks, and newspaper clippings. They are organized into six series: Military Files, Congressional Files, Speeches and Writings, Miscellany, Oversize, and Classified. The Military Files span Kowalski's military career from his graduation from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, in 1930 through his retirement in 1958. Detailed documentation is available on military assignments held by Kowalski after 1944. Between 1944 and 1945 Kowalski served as director of the Disarmament School in London, England. The school conducted a three-week training program for senior Allied American military officers on the disarmament and demobilization of Germany following World War II. A series of lectures and reports is included from his tenure as head of the school. The Military Files also contain typed manuscripts describing the political, social, and economic conditions in Poland during this period. Kowalski most likely wrote these reports after a trip to Poland in October 1945. A year earlier while stationed in England, Kowalski had interviewed seven Polish-born soldiers who served in the German army prior to their capture by the Allies. A report based on these interviews is filed with memoranda dated 1944. Also well documented are Kowalski's years (1954-1958) as the first commandant of the Army Command Management School, where he designed and implemented a curriculum to introduce modern management techniques to a post-Korean War United States Army. The major portion of the Military Files concerns Kowalski's participation in the United States occupation of Japan between 1948 and 1952. After initial assignments as chief of military governments in Kyoto, Osaka, and the Chugoku region from 1948 to 1950, Kowalski was transferred to Tokyo as deputy chief of the Civil Affairs Section, Supreme Commander Allied Powers. Shortly after the outbreak of war in Korea, he assumed additional duties as chief of staff of an American advisory group overseeing the establishment of the Japanese National Police Reserve. This paramilitary organization was created in 1950 as a means of supplementing Japanese security forces