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However, Mueller (1893) suggested reducing Pithocarpa to sectionalrank within HumeaSm., a]d.dHeine ( 1967) relegatedPithocarpa to synonymyunder Calomeria Vent. Neither of theseapproaches have been adopted by otherworkers. Genericr€lationships The genericrelationships of Pithocarpdiue not clear,and earlier authors appear to haveplaced unduesignificance on the lack of a pappusin the genus,a featurewhich is now consideredto have evolvedindependently in a numberof generain the Asteraceae(Anderberg 1991). Lindley (1839) suggesteda relationship between Pilrocarpa andthe ge\!s llaaea Srn.,presumably because of the lack of a pappusin both taxa.The typeof Humeais now consideredto be synonymouswith the monotypicCalomeia, a genuswith which Pithocarpawolold, not appear to haveany closerelationship (Anderberg1991). The lack ofa pappuswas also considered to beofsignificance by Hemsley( 1905), whosuggested that P ithocarpamay be rclated.to ThiseltoniaHemsl., although recent work (Anderberg 1991,Wilson 1992a)points to HyalospermaSteetz or AcomisF. Muell. asthe closestrelatives of Thiseltonia. Anderberg(1991) included Pithocarpa in his studyof the phylogenyof the Gnaphalieae,and suggestedthat it was probablyclosest to taxawithin the broadlydeftned, 'lnwrencel/a complex' (genericlimits ofthe taxawithin thisgroup have since been redefined by Wilson(1992b-e)). These findingswere supported by a preliminaryphylogenetic an alysis of Pithocarpaand a selectionof six of its putativerelatives (infened from Anderberg'swork) undertakenby Lepschi(1997). In that ^nalysis,Pithocarpa appears as sister to Argentipallium niveam (Steetz) Paul G. Wilson,included by 'lawrencella Anderberg(1991) in the complex'las Helichrysum obtusifoliumF. Muell. ex Sond.l. However,as this analysis dealt with only a selectionof thepossible relatives ofPithocarpa, the'true' sistertaxon to this genusmay have been excluded. Materialsand methods This studyis basedon examinationof herbariumcollections from AD, CANB, MEL, NSW and PERTH,as well asselected material from CGE (photographs) andK, along with obseruationsmade on liveplantsof all recognizedtaxa. All measurementswere made from herbarium material (reconstituted wherenecessary). Conservation codes used are those adopted by theDepartment ofConservation and LandManagement (see the end of thisissue for definitionsof consewationcodes). Taxonomictreatment PithocarpaLindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. Appendix vols l-23: xxiii (1839).Type: P- pulchellaLindl., lectotype,ldeLewis & Summerhayes( l95l). Perennialherbs or subshrubs,vegetative parts covered with whitish,cobwebbed indumentum. Leavesaltemzl.s, sessile, entire, usually withered by anthesis;clustered towards the base of themain (reproductive)stems and becoming progressively more distant and smaller up thestems, grading into the outerinvolucral bracts; also densely clustered on very short,lateral vegetatiye seasonal growth lnits. Capitulaeither solitary or in opento moreor lesscompact corymbs, inserted terminally on the .............. ".'"" ElerlsnYuretsel\\ 2.... 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No. I (1999) 2 Style branchesyellowish-brown