21 2018 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA The Annual of the Koç University Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (OFFPRINT) AThe AnnualD of theA Koç UniversityLY Suna A& İnan Kıraç Research Center for Mediterranean Civilizations (AKMED) Adalya, a peer reviewed publication, is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) Adalya is indexed in the Social Sciences and Humanities Database of TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR index. Mode of publication Worldwide periodical Publisher certificate number 18318 ISSN 1301-2746 Publisher management Koç University Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer / İstanbul Publisher Umran Savaş İnan, President, on behalf of Koç University Editor-in-chief Oğuz Tekin Editor Tarkan Kahya Advisory Board (Members serve for a period of five years) Prof. Dr. Engin Akyürek, Koç University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mustafa Adak, Akdeniz University (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Nicholas D. Cahill, University of Wisconsin-Madison (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Thomas Corsten, Universität Wien (2014-2018) Prof. Dr. Edhem Eldem, Boğaziçi University / Collège de France (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan, Emeritus, Istanbul University (2016-2020) Prof. Dr. C. Brian Rose, University of Pennsylvania (2018-2022) Prof. Dr. Christof Schuler, DAI München (2017-2021) Prof. Dr. R. R. R. Smith, University of Oxford (2016-2020) English copyediting Mark Wilson © Koç University AKMED, 2018 Production Zero Production Ltd. Abdullah Sok. No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 244 75 21 • Fax: +90 (212) 244 32 09 [email protected]; www.zerobooksonline.com Printing Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. 100. Yıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. 2. Cad. No: 202/A Bağcılar - İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 325 71 25 • Fax: +90 (212) 325 61 99 Certificate number: 29487 Mailing address Barbaros Mah. Kocatepe Sok. No. 22 Kaleiçi 07100 Antalya - TURKEY Tel: +90 (242) 243 42 74 • Fax: +90 (242) 243 80 13 https://akmed.ku.edu.tr E-mail address [email protected] Contents Gizem Kartal The Neolithic Cave Settlements of the Antalya Region in Southwestern Anatolia: A Comparative Perspective in Terms of Chipped Stone Assemblages ........................................................................................... 1 Derya Yalçıklı Two Neolithic Ritual Centers in East Mysia (NW Turkey): The Baltalıin and İnkaya Caves ............................. 19 Nurcan Kayacan th Oval Points and Cattle-Hunting Practices in Central Anatolia during the 8 Millennium BC ..................... 45 Yalçın Kamış Acemhöyük Buluntuları Işığında Erken Tunç Çağı’nda Orta Anadolu’nun Güneyinde Çark Yapımı Seramiğin Ortaya Çıkışı ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Murat Akar – Demet Kara Into the Hinterland: The Middle Bronze Age Building at Toprakhisar Höyük, Altınözü (Hatay, Turkey) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85 Gonca Dardeniz – K. Serdar Girginer – Özlem Oyman-Girginer A Pottery Kiln from Tatarlı Höyük (Adana, Turkey) and its Implications for Late Bronze Age Pottery Production in Cilicia and Beyond ......................................................................................................................................................... 117 S. Gökhan Tiryaki The Sanctuary with the Relief of the “Twelve Gods” in the Elmalı Highlands: On the Iconography of “Leto, her children, and the Nymphs” in Ancient Southwest Anatolia ............................................................................. 135 Elif Özer – Murat Taşkıran The Sillyon Main City Gate .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 151 Şükrü Özüdoğru – Düzgün Tarkan Kibyra Geç Antikçağ Hamamı ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 175 Mustafa Adak Die Melas-Brücke bei Kotenna und die Familie des Stanamoas ................................................................................................. 211 Urs Peschlow Die Gabriel-Platte in Antalya. Rekonstruktion und ursprünglicher Kontext ................................................................ 229 Ünal Demirer – Nilgün Elam Lead Seals of the Kibyra Excavations .................................................................................................................................................................... 245 Aytaç Dönmez Xanthos West Agora II: Alteration and Transformation in the Byzantine Period ...................................................... 277 IV Contents Hüseyin Metin – Salih Soslu The Altıkapılı Cave Church at Pisidia .................................................................................................................................................................. 315 Merih Erol th Becoming Protestant: Greek Orthodox Responses to Conversion in 19 -Century Ottoman Anatolia .. 335 Evren Dayar 1853 Antalya İsyanı ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 363 Funda Solmaz Şakar – Neriman Şahin Güçhan Building System Characterization of Traditional Architecture in Cappadocia, Turkey ..................................... 379 ADALYA 21, 2018 Xanthos West Agora II: Alteration and Transformation in the Byzantine Period Aytaç DÖNMEZ * Abstract Öz This article deals with the transformation of Batı Agora’da gerçekleştirilen kazılar sonucun- Western Agora of Xanthos in the Byzantine da ortaya çıkarılan arkeolojik bulgulara göre ta- period through two different groups of build- rihsel bağlamda birliktelikleri tespit edilen ticari ings with commercial and religious functions, ve dini işlevli iki farklı yapı grubunun arasında, whose historical associations were revealed düşünsel olarak da bir birlikteliğin olabileceği with archaeological finds in the excavations yönünde yapılan tartışmalar, agoranın 5. yy.’da, of the Western Agora. Evaluations made at bütüncül olmayan bir kompozisyon bağlamın- this point show that in the first half of the 5th da, üzerinde özel ticari faaliyet mekânlarının century A.D. the agora was transformed into yanı sıra büyük bir dini kompleksin de bu- a central area that, in the context of a non- lunduğu merkezi bir alana dönüştürüldüğünü integral composition, became a large religious göstermektedir. Veriler ayrıca, alandaki bütün complex as well as a center of private com- mekânların 7. yy.’da terk edilmiş olduğunu ve mercial activity. Evidence also shows that alanda 10. yy.’a kadar hiçbir yaşamsal faaliyetin all these new areas within the former agora olmadığını; 10 ve 11. yy.’da ise alanın basit were then abandoned in the 7th century and yapıdaki konut ve işliklerden meydana gelen remained without significant activity until the küçük bir yerleşime dönüştüğünü göstermek- 10th century. Then this area was converted into tedir. 13. yy. verilerinin ise sadece Bizans ve a small settlement comprised of simple resi- Selçuklu kültürüne ait seramiklerle sınırlı olma- dential places and workshops utilized in the sı alandaki göçebe kültürünün varlığına işaret 10th and 11th centuries. That material finds for etmektedir. the 13th century are only a few ceramics from the Byzantine and Seljuk cultures indicates the presence of a nomadic culture in the area. Keywords: Xanthos, West Agora, Alteration, Anahtar Kelimeler: Ksanthos, Batı Agora, Transformation Değişim, Dönüşüm Introduction Because Roman cities preserved their practice of urbanization until the 4th century A.D., this understanding continued to form the outlines of urban phenomenon during the Early Byzantine period. In fact, the population continued to use elements belonging to Roman urbanization and architecture such as the streets, aqueducts, baths, cisterns, and temples for a while. This began to change with the construction of the churches which were added to Roman cities, particularly in the 4th century1. The most important indicator of this change * Aytaç Dönmez, Research Assistant, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Letters, Archaeology Department, Antalya. E-mail: [email protected] 278 Aytaç Dönmez made to the Roman urban fabric were the pagan temples which were dismantled completely or employed to serve different functions2. The change increased particularly after the Edict of Milan when the church objected to other public buildings, such as the theater, civic baths, and the agora because they were factors that led people to sin3. As a result of these objec- tions, these buildings were demolished or underwent physical changes in time4. In addition to Christianization and the administrative changes that began in the 4th century A.D., public struc- tures such as agoras and porticos were transformed into private property areas through physi- cal changes5. However, although agora structures in the eastern part of the empire underwent some changes such as repairs or renovations in this period, they were still political, social, and economic centers till the end of the 6th and early 7th centuries6. The West