The Third Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan (MAFF) International Workshop on Genetic Resources Animal Genetic Resources: Efficient Conservation and Effective Use Tsukuba Office Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat December 5 - 7, 1995 Sponsored by Research Council Secretariat of MAFF and National Institute of Agrobiological Resources in cooperation with National Institute of Animal Industry, National Institute of Sericultural & Entomological Sciences, National Institute of Animal Health, and Japanese International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Contents Page Introduc i on Welcome address T. Hosoda 3 Opening address M.Nakagahra 5 Keynote addresses Why and Howto Conserve Domesticated Animal Genetic Resources I. Bodo 7 History and Phytogeny of Japanese Native Animals and Strategies for Their Effective Use Y.Tanabe 17 Discussion 3 5 Session 1 : Economic evaluation Economic Evaluation of Mongolian Sheep Genetic Resources Ts.Zhanchiv 39 Economic Evaluation of Pig Genetic Resources in China A.Wang 45 Characterization and Conservation of Silkworm Genetic Resources in India RK.Datta 55 Chicken Genetic Resources in Japan and NewEvaluation Research K.Nirasawa, H.Takahashi, T. Furukawa, K. Kikuchi, J. Noguchi, Y. Izaike and T. Oishi 73 Discussion 8 3 Session2: Genetic classification Genetic Classification of Asian Buffaloes Based on Biochemical and Molecular Polymorphisms S.G.Tan 87 Phylogenetic Relationships and Conservation of Bovine and Bubaline Species in Asia T. Namikawa, K. Tanaka and C. D. Solis 99 The Phylogenetic Relationship and Differentiation of Wild and Domesticated Pigs (Sus scrofa L.) in Asia Y.Kurosawa 111 Discussion 12 1 Session 3: Conservation systems Animal Genetic Resources and Conservation System in Vietnam L.V.Ly 125 Conservation Systems of Animal Genetic Resources in The Philippines J.M.Matias 131 Collection and Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources in the MAFF Gene Bank Y. Izaike, K. Kikuchi, J. Noguchi, K. Nirasawa, H. Takahashi, T. Furukawa and T. Oishi 141 Evaluation and Preservation of Silkworm Genetic Resources in Japan E. Kosegawa, T. Kikawada, K. Shimizu and T. Okajima 153 Discussion 1 63 Session 4: New technology for conservation Use of Marker Information to Maintain Variability in Small Populations H. Takeda, T. Obata, T. Furukawa, K. Nirasawa and H. Takahashi 167 NewEndocrinological Methods for Production of Germ Cells in Birds S. Ishii, S. Wakabayashi and M. Kikuchi 175 Use of Chimeric Animals to Preserve Animal Genetic Resources A. Onishi 183 Discussion 1 89 Session 5: Use and information management Conservation and Use of the Kacang Goat in Indonesia M.Astuti 193 Survey and Development of Experimental Animals K. Fukuta 203 Information System for Animal Genetic Resources in the Asian Region Y. Yamada and D. E. Steane 215 Discussion 227 Paper presented at the MAFF Seminar Nepalese Animal Genetic Resources. N.P. Shrestha 229 General Discussion 243 Closing Remarks H. Seko 247 List of Participants 251 INTRODUCTION Preliminary addresses Keynote addresses Chairperson S. Muramatsu Welcome address TOSHIAKI HOSODA Research Councillor, Council's Secretariat, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1. Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council, it is my great pleasure to extend sincere greetings and best wishes to all participants in this "MAFF International Workshop on Genetic Resources ". Conservation of genetic resources is of great concern with respect to agricultural research, because genetic resources furnish the basic material for research and is the foundation of all breeding activities. This is why many national and international research centers have genebanks, and are extending their genetic resources research programs. Worldwide efforts are being made to conserve and use genetic resources in a sustainable way. Japan, as a member of international community, will continue to make every effort in the field of sustainable conservation and use of genetic resources. 2. In addition to our effort of transferring technologies relating to genetic resources, Japan shares with the international community the responsibility for creating a coordinated global genetic resources network. Japan is actively engaged in the discussions of many international fora. We are a member of the "Commission on Plant Genetic Resources" in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and also Japan is a member of the Contracting Parties to the "Convention on Biological Diversity". Recently, I attended the second meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the "Convention on Biological Diversity" held in Jacarta, Indonesia, and discussed intensively with our partners how to realize the spirit of the Convention. 3. Animal genetic resources, the theme of this workshop, comprise an important component of agricultural genetic resources. Consequently Japan supported the FAO's resolution at its 28th Conference to strengthen its activities on animal genetic resources. Even before that decision, Japan had been supporting the FAO's field project "Conservation and Use of Animal Genetic Resources in Asia and the Pacificll since its inception in 1992, not only with financial support, but also by dispatching a specialist to the project. We fully hope that the recent decision of the FAO Conference will mark the first milestone in the worldwide effort to sustainably conserve and use animal genetic resources. 4. MAFF International Workshop on Genetic Resources is held in part as an expression of Japan's committment to contribute actively to the conservation and use of genetic resources globally. The purpose of it is to enhance international collaboration and cooperation and to increase understanding and awareness of research progress among concerned scientists in this vital field. Like the previous Workshops, Plant and Microorganisms Genetic Resources , this third Workshop will offer a chance of sharing information and experiences on Animal Genetic Resources. I would like to conclude my address by expressing my sincere desire that this Workshop will strengthen our mutual understanding and develop warmand lasting friendships, so that it will bring us a solid basis for cooperation in the future. Thank you very much. Opening address MASAHIRO NAKAGAHRA Director General, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources Kannondai 2-1 -2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan It is a great pleasure for meto extend a warmwelcometo all participants of this workshop. I would like to particularly welcome those participants that have travelled a long way to be with us. I think Dr Bodo has travelled the furthest, from Hungary, and I hope he has overcome his jet lag. We do appreciate you all for sparing the time to join in this workshop. I would like to acknowledge and thank the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council and our sister institutes who have helped to make this workshop possible. Conservation of genetic resources is of central concern globally and seeking ways to improve global food and basic commodity security for all mankind is among the most urgent tasks facing humanity. All countries are interdependent when it comes to conserving, evaluating and using genetic resources. The speed with which the many issues related to biodiversity are becoming international issues involving government level meetings has implications for science and scientists. To help ensure barriers to germplasm exchange are not erected and cooperation on issues related to germplasm conservation are enhanced personal contacts and mutual trust and friendship are essential. Fostering international cooperation and interaction is one of the results which I hope will emerge fromthe next few days you all have together in Tsukuba. Animal genetic resources conservation is the particular focus of your discussions over the next few days. The papers to be presented in this meeting cover a very wide range of species from the small silk worm to the buffalo. Birds, mammals and insects will be discussed in different sections of the workshop. Each species has its own particular characteristics. Conservation systems for each species differs. However , over the next few days I hope all participants will be stimulated by the diverse reports presented. I hope you will: a) find differences among research which will be of interest in the research you are engaged in; b) seek commonalities which will make the broad management of conserving animal genetic resources more efficient. I would like to take this opportunity to tell you a little about the National Institute of Agrobiological Resources (NIAR) which you will learn more about this week. NIAR has 5 main research sections: Genetic Resources, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Applied Physiology, Radiation Breeding. Perhaps I can explain the connection between these sections by saying that each aims to provide a foundation for improving agriculture. Conservation of genetic resources, as well as, basic research on molecular biology are essential building blocks in agricultural improvement. Weare making full use of the advances in biotechnology and information sciences to make progress. Currently our institute is reorganising and extending its research facilities so that it will be able to carry out a strong research program into the next century. One of the additions next year to our facilities will be a new genebank for animal and microorganism