National Bureau of Standards Library, N.W. Bldg Reference book not to be FEB 1 8 1964 taken from the library. ^ecknic&l vjote 234 SOVIET RESEARCH IN FIELD EMISSION, 1960-1963; AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY T. W. MARTON AND R. KLEIN U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Luther H. Hodges, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Functions and Activities The functions of the National Bureau of Standards include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measure- ments consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and struc- tures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications, including assistance to industry, business and con- sumers in the development and acceptance of commercial standards and simplified trade practice recommendations. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instru- mentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information serv- ices. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is re- quired. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover. Publications The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own series of publi- cations or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, pub- lished in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Central Radio Propagation Laboratory Ionospheric Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also seven series of nonperiodi- cal publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publica- tions, Technical Notes, Commercial Standards, and Simplified Practice Recommendations. A complete listing of the Bureau's publications can be found in National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 ($1.25), and the Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957 ($1.50), and Mis- cellaneous Publication 240, July 1957 to June 1960 (includes Titles of Papers Published- in Out- side Journals 1950 to 1959) ($2.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS ^Ceckniccil ^ote 234 ISSUED FEBRUARY 24, 1964 SOVIET RESEARCH IN FIELD EMISSION, 1960-1963; AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Tibor W. Marton and Ralph Klein NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bu- reau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be listed or referred to in the open literature. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 30 cents 2 CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose and scope 1 1 . Literature search 2 1.3 Entries and arrangement 2 l.k Sources of translations 3 , 1.5 Conclusion k 2. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 2.1 Addenda 27 3. LIST OF MEETINGS AND PAPERS READ AT THESE MEETINGS 29 k. REFERENCES 38 5. SUBJECT INDEX 39 in SOVIET RESEARCH IN FIELD EMISSION, i960 - 1963$ AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY* TIBOR W. MARTON and RALPH KLEIN Soviet field emission research, including both the ex- perimental and theoretical aspects of field electron and ion emission from metals and semiconductors, is the sub- ject of this bibliography. Over 80 complete references to original publications and 50 meeting papers were se- lected after an extensive search of the Soviet and East European technical literature published from January i960 through November 1963. Most of these papers are in Rus- sianj a few are in Czech, English, Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian. Full references are given to English transla- tions of the entries whenever available. A list of rele- vant scientific meetings, papers read at these meetings, bibliographic references, and a brief subject index are appended to the compilation. This bibliography repre- sents the continuation of the survey! published in Octo- ber i960 as U.S. NBS Technical Note 75. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose and scope . Field emission research continues to receive considerable attention in the Soviet Union, as evidenced by the fairly large number of technical papers (over 80) appearing since 1959. The previous bibliographic survey! f the Soviet literature pertinent to field emission covered the period 1955-1959, and contained 109 en- tries. This included several papers presented at technical meetings. In the present survey, the meeting papers have been tabulated separate- ly, and again, the relatively large number of meetings, either wholly or in part dealing with field emission topics, is an indication of the lively interest field emission continues to hold. #- This project was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency. ! Marton, T.W. and Klein, R. Soviet Research in Field Electron and Ion Emission, 1955-1959 3 an Annotated Bibliography. U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 75, October i960. 37p. Distributed by U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services (PB 161576), Washington, D.C. 20230. The range of subjects covered is fairly broad. Both experimen- tal and theoretical papers have appeared. Field electron emission from semiconductors and from metals other than tungsten is well repre- sented. Studies of adsorption with the field emission technique, methods of tip etching, pulse methods, and the pre-breakdown region have been reported. Several papers are concerned with the measurement of emitted electron energy distribution. A new theory of molecular image formation has been advanced, and theoretical considerations of the effects of space charge, electron tunneling, and field and T-F emis- sion from metals and semiconductors are given. The preponderance of effort has been in field electron emission ; field ion emission was the basis for three papers during the period of the present survey. As a continuation of the annotated bibliography covering Soviet research in field emission for the period 1955-1959* the present sur- vey, I96O-I963, maintains the previously stated purpose of bringing to the attention of the scientific community the Soviet and East European literature on field emission. Brief annotations are again provided to indicate the scope of the article, and no critical evaluation is in- tended. 1.2 Literature search . An extensive search was made of the original Soviet and East European technical literature published from January i960 through November 1963 for the purpose of selecting papers relevant to field emission research. A few articles issued prior to i960 have also been included provided they were not listed in the pre- vious Field Emission Bibliography (NBS Technical Note 75). More than four hundred original periodical articles and books were examined and analyzed; out of these, over eighty original papers and fifty meeting paper references were selected for inclusion.' About ninety per cent of the entries in this compilation are publications originally written in Russian; the rest are references to Czech, English, Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian papers. 1.3 Entries and arrangement . With few exceptions, entries in this bibliography consist of author(s), original and translated title, abbreviated name of the periodical, collation, and citations of avail- able English translation. The entries are arranged alphabetically by the name of the first author, and then by coauthor (s) if any. Two or more papers by the same author(s) are listed chronologically, beginning with the earliest paper. a) Titles of papers . To ensure accurate reference identifi- cation, the titles are listed in the language of publication. The Library of Congress transliteration system for Cyrillic alphabets has been used throughout. English translation, in parentheses, follows the foreign language title. .) b) Abbreviations of citations . Names of periodicals have been abbreviated in accordance with the CKemical Abstracts List of Periodicals , the Style Manual of the American Institute of Physics, and the Publications and Reports Manual of the National Bureau of Standards. c) Collation . The abbreviated name of periodicals is followed by the volume and issue numbers, inclusive pages, year, and indication of illustrations and references, if any; for instance, 2I4 , no. 3, 165-80 (i960). Illus, 6 refs. The slight deviation from cita- tion practice followed by the American Institute of Physics, National Bureau of Standards, and Chemical Abstracts publications was necessita- ted by the inconsistencies prevalent in citations of Russian periodi- cals and their cover-to- cover translations.