Qualitative Psychology Nexus: Vol. 1 Mechthild Kiegelmann (Ed.) Qualitative Research in Psychology Verlag Ingeborg Huber All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced by any process or technique, without the prior permission in writing from the publisher. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to the publisher (see address below). Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data Qualitative research in psychology / Mechthild Kiegelmann (ed.). - 1. ed.. - Schwangau : Huber, 2001 (Qualitative psychology nexus ; Vol. 1) ISBN 3-9806975-2-5 1. Edition 2001 © Verlag Ingeborg Huber Postfach 46 87643 Schwangau, Germany Tel./Fax +49 8362 987073 e-mail: [email protected] Web-Page: http://www.aquad.de ISBN 3-9806975-2-5 Content Preface by the editor 7 Introduction 8 Group I: Examples of Applications of Qualitative Methods, Part I 1. Discussion (summarized by Leo Gürtler) 17 2. Categorizing the Content of Everyday Family Communication Irmentraud Ertel 21 3. Emotions and Learning Strategies at School – Opportunities of Qualitative Content Analysis Michaela Gläser-Zikuda 32 4. The Role of Subjective Theories on Love Leo Gürtler 51 5. Deciding which Kinds of Data to Collect in an Evaluative Study and Selecting a Setting for Data Collection and Analysis Inge M. Lutz 66 6. Dynamics of a Qualitative Research Design. An Interactive Approach to Interactive Reception Thomas Irion 78 7. Cross-Cultural Youth Research as International and Inter- disciplinary Cooperation: The Project “International Learning.” Ilze Plaude and Josef Held 90 Group 2: Examples of Applications of Qualitative Methods, Part II 8. Discussion (summarized by Mechthild Kiegelmann) 99 9. Ways of Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Procedures Exemplified in a Study on the Gender-Specifics of Coping with Sexual Violence Silke-Birgitta Gahleitner 102 10. Qualitative Research with a Genuine Psychological Approach: The Method of Voice Analysis. Mechthild Kiegelmann 117 11. Toward a Method of Ideological Becoming Tamara Beauboeuf-Lafontant 135 12. Methods which are Accommodated to their Research Object: On the Adequate Investigation of Historical Consciousness at Youth Age Carlos Kölbl 143 13. Research Project "History and Memory" Stephan Marks 150 14. Research Organization and Word Analysis from Discussion Groups about In-practice Training Antonio Medina Rivilla, Mª Concepción Domínguez Garrido, Ramón Pérez Pérez, Tiberio Feliz Murias 155 15. Coding, Inquiring, and Analysis of Data from Discussion Groups about In-practice Training Antonio Medina Rivilla, Mª Concepción Domínguez Garrido, Ramón Pérez Pérez, Tiberio Feliz Murias 174 Group 3: Specific Issues in Qualitative Methodology 16. Discussion (summarized by Günter L. Huber) 201 17. The Analysis of Qualitative Data as Process of Classification Günter L. Huber 206 18. Group-Based Dialogic Introspection and its Use in Qualitative Media Research Gerhard Kleining and Thomas Burkart 217 19. The Process of Understanding in Qualitative Social Research Julia Nentwich 241 20. Forming Categories in Qualitative Data Analysis: The Teaching Research Project "Teachers' Attitude and Practice concerning Elementary Science in Primary School" Bernd Reinhoffer 246 21. The Contribution of Qualitative Approaches to Learning Research: A Critical Incident Technique as a Research Method for Studying Student Learning Hannu Soini 262 22. Contributions of Qualitative Approaches to Psychological Inquiry Leo Gürtler, Josef Held, Günter L. Huber and Mechthild Kiegelmann (in alphabetical order) 274 Author Index 283 Subject Index 291 Preface by the editor Qualitative Research Nexus is a series in psychology that provides a forum for discussion, presentation, and enhancement of qualitative research. The aim of the series is to create a forum for otherwise "scattered" authors in the field of qualitative psychology. This volume one of Qualitative Research Nexus, titled "Qualitative Research in Psychology" documents the papers and discussions from the first workshop of the Center for Qualitative Psychology, which took place from October, 20 - 22, 2000 in Blaubeuren, Germany. In this initial con- vention, participants introduced their work and their approaches to qualitative psychology. A special focus was on the psychological contribu- tions to the wider area of qualitative research for social sciences. The Center for Qualitative Psychology itself was founded in 1999 to further develop and enhance qualitative research methods in the psycho- logical field. It is especially committed to supporting qualitative methods for socially committed research, with an emphasis on continuing the tradi- tion of qualitative psychology starting since the 1950ies in methods such as the use of observation, introspection, and interviews. The center provides qualitatively working psychologists the opportunity for networking, for enhancing their expertise in annual meetings, and for engagement in inter- national co-operation. The center helps to promote an active scholarly ex- change with the international community of researchers in psychology, and is based at the University of Tübingen. This book was made possible because of the engagement and support of the following people. I thank the Hans-Böckler Foundation for provi- ding funding; Ingeborg Huber of the Ingeborg Huber Verlag for suppor- ting this publication; Dorian Woods for her English editing; Sergio Gam- boa for additional proofreading of three contributions; and Volker Löffler for the layout. I thank especially the members of the department for educational psy- chology at the University of Tübingen without which none of this colla- boration would have been possible. I am grateful to Leo Gürtler for his support in many laborious details, to Josef Held for his critical feedback, and most of all to Günter L. Huber for his continuous collaboration and engagement in the conceptualization and realization of this project. Finally, I thank the authors for their contributions to this volume. Mechthild Kiegelmann Tübingen, April 2001 Introduction About the Workshop Qualitative Research in Psychology Mechthild Kiegelmann and Leo Gürtler The "Workshop Qualitative Research in Psychology" took place in Blau- beuren, Germany from October 20-22, 2000. The meeting was organized by the Center for Qualitative Psychology of the University of Tübingen, Germany. The purpose of the meeting was to begin a network of qualitative psychologists. Thirty-two participants got to know each other, presented and discussed their research, discussed potential further developments within the field of qualitative psychology, and inspired each other with plans for the future. There were psychologists from Germany, Spain, Latvia, Finland, and the United States, most of whom were working as re- searchers within university contexts. The workshop took place at the retreat house of the University of Tübingen in a small village called Blaubeuren. A comfortable place with beautiful landscape, welcoming staff at the house and delicious food created a friendly atmosphere for the meeting from the start. The meeting started with an evening opening session in which all participants briefly introduced themselves and their interests in qualitative psychology. In order to communicate with each other, all of the participants spoke English. The introductions helped people to seek each other out after- wards in more informal conversations during the following two days. Panel presentations On Saturday morning, several panelists opened the workshop. The pane- lists pointed out their views on important issues in qualitative psychology. This step was helpful to illuminate the range of topics to be considered within the current developments of qualitative psychology. They shared views at some points and held different opinions at other times. Discussion and collaboration was encouraged. Rather than summarizing the range of ideas presented by the panelists, we print the following (edited) transcripts of their verbal statements: Günter L. Huber: Despite the long, glorious history of introspection in psychology, today we find more qualitative work in neighboring disciplines, above all in sociology. When psychologists hear the term "introspection" used today, a majority of them still activates pejorative connotations like "speculation" or "unscientific subjectivity." Kiegelmann & Gürtler 9 If psychologists decide to apply qualitative approaches to their field of research interest, they soon become aware that they entered a dangerous methodological area, where only few guidelines are available. In the South there is the warm, but also swampy area of authenticity, while in the North cold and rocky, but stable areas of generalization are waiting. In between are the flowering meadows of various methodological schools, where colorful blossoms attract the wandering students attention. They promise at least by more or less clear lines to guide the students to the nectar of insight in their subjects world views. Orientation is difficult in this environment, and students are more endangered to become trapped by the one or the other of those colorful offerings than to loose the overview in a multitude of possibilities. What we need in the field of qualitative psychology are principles of orientation among methods and their potentials. Isolated discussions within the boundaries of schools creates adepts and impedes methodolo- gical development. Although the quarrel between Glaser (1992)