Zootaxa 3561: 1–61 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:048F0E79-3343-4348-895E-3B06472FC264 ZOOTAXA 3561 World revision of Iteaphila macquarti group (Diptera: Empididae) BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR1 & IGOR V. SHAMSHEV2 1Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Plant Laboratory - Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6; E-mail: [email protected] 2All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, shosse Podbel’skogo 3, St. Petersburg—Pushkin, 188620, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D.J. Bickel: 12 Oct. 2012; published: 23 Nov. 2012 BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR & IGOR V. SHAMSHEV World revision of Iteaphila macquarti group (Diptera: Empididae) (Zootaxa 3561) 61 pp.; 30 cm. 23 Nov 2012 ISBN 978-1-77557-056-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-057-8 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3561 © 2012 Magnolia Press SINCLAIR & SHAMSHEV Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 4 Material & methods . 4 Genus Iteaphila Zetterstedt . 7 Iteaphila bulbosa Sinclair sp. nov. 7 Iteaphila californica Sinclair sp. nov. 11 Iteaphila chvalai Shamshev sp. nov. 12 Iteaphila cirrata Shamshev sp. nov. 13 Iteaphila falcata Sinclair sp. nov. 14 Iteaphila furcata (Zetterstedt) . 15 Iteaphila maackii Loew . 17 Iteaphila macquarti Zetterstedt . 17 Iteaphila napaea Melander . 23 Iteaphila nepalensis Shamshev sp. nov. 27 Iteaphila nitidula Zetterstedt . 29 Iteaphila orchestris Melander . 37 Iteaphila pumila Sinclair sp. nov. 40 Iteaphila rasnitsyni Shamshev sp. nov. 42 Iteaphila saigusai Shamshev sp. nov. 43 Iteaphila sicamous Sinclair sp. nov. 45 Iteaphila taiwanensis Shamshev sp. nov. 46 Iteaphila testacea Melander . 48 Iteaphila triangula (Coquillett) . 49 Iteaphila vetula Melander . 52 Doubtful species in Iteaphila . 54 Empis luctuosa Kirby . 54 Key to species of the Iteaphila macquarti group from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions . 55 Key to species of Iteaphila from the Nearctic Region . 56 Feeding habits . 58 Species groups of Iteaphila . 58 Acknowledgements . 60 References . 60 Abstract Nineteen species are recognized in the Iteaphila macquarti group, including ten new species (I. bulbosa Sinclair sp. nov. (British Columbia, Canada), I. californica Sinclair sp. nov. (Baja California, Mexico), I. chvalai Shamshev sp. nov. (Kazakhstan), I. cirrata Shamshev sp. nov. (British Columbia, Canada), I. falcata Sinclair sp. nov. (British Columbia, Canada), I. furcata (Zetterstedt), I. macquarti Zetterstedt, I. napaea Melander, I. nepalensis Shamshev sp. nov. (Nepal), I. nitidula Zetterstedt, I. orchestris Melander, I. pumila Sinclair sp. nov. (Alaska, USA), I. rasnitsyni Shamshev sp. nov. (south Primorsk Territory, Russia), I. saigusai Shamshev sp. nov. (Nagano, Japan), I. sicamous Sinclair sp. nov. (British Columbia, Canada), I. taiwanensis Shamshev sp. nov. (Taiwan), I. testacea Melander, I. triangula (Coquillett), I. vetula Melander). Iteaphila maackii Loew is considered a nomen dubium due to loss of holotype. Empis luctosa Kirby is considered also a nomen dubium and proposed as a doubtful species of Iteaphila. The following new synonyms are proposed: (Empis cormus Walker, I. cana Melander, I. fulginosa Melander) = I. macquarti; (Hilara carbonella Zetterstedt, Empis conjuncta Coquillett) = I. nitidula. Lectotypes are designated for I. furcata, I. cana, I. carbonella (Zetterstedt), I. conjuncta, I. orchestris, I. testacea and I. triangula. The male of I. testacea is described for the first time, keys to Palearctic and Nearctic faunas are provided, and species are sorted into five monophyletic subgroups. The distributions of all species are mapped and five Holarctic species are identified (I. cirrata, I. macquarti, I. nitidula, I. orchestris, I. pumila). Iteaphila is recorded for the first time from the Oriental Region. Feeding habits for adult Iteaphila are summarized and reviewed, and the genus appears to be exclusively anthophilous (pollen feeding) and never predaceous. Key words: Palaearctic, Nearctic, Holarctic (Europe, North America, Japan, Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia), Iteaphila, Empididae, new species, anthophily ITEAPHILA MACQUARTI GROUP Zootaxa 3561 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 3 Introduction The genus name Iteaphila (Latin itea = willow) was coined by Zetterstedt (1838) in recognition of the common occurrence of these flies on willows (Salix). In fact, Iteaphila is often collected in long series on spring flowers (Fig. 1), based on personal observations, label data and the published observations and review of Tuomikoski (1952) (see Feeding habits). Iteaphila is currently a member of the Iteaphila genus-group, unassigned to family within the Empidoidea (Sinclair & Cumming 2006; Shamshev & Sinclair 2009). The genus group also includes Anthepiscopus Becker. An undescribed Australian genus (“new genus 2”) was originally assigned to this genus group (Sinclair & Cumming 2000) on the basis of flower visiting habits, obliquely projecting proboscis and long straight palpi. The presence of epipharyngeal blades in this undescribed genus casts doubt about its affinities and the phylogenetic assignment requires reanalysis. This is the second in a series of papers revising the world species of Iteaphila and its sister genus, Anthepiscopus. The first study revised the six species of the Iteaphila setosa group (Shamshev & Sinclair 2009). This species group is very distinct and clearly monophyletic defined by the long stylus nearly half length of pedicel, 2–3 pairs of scutellar setae, and presence of the long, slender epandrial lobe. The remaining species of Iteaphila are assigned to the I. macquarti group, which is likely paraphyletic in relation to Anthepiscopus, but final evaluation of this classification and the validity of recognizing two separate genera must await revision of the world species of Anthepiscopus, the third study planned for this series. The Palearctic species of Iteaphila were initially reviewed by Engel (1941), but the types were not examined and species identification was confused. Tuomikoski (1958) reviewed the northern European species, including assessing the status of Holarctic species. The North American species were revised initially by Melander (1946) and later updated in an unpublished thesis by Anderson (1973). The present study has re-examined the specimens studied by Anderson (1973), augmented by many more recently collected specimens. Iteaphila proved a challenging taxon to revise due to variation in body colouration,.