CONTENTS UNIT I : Culture of India 1. Characteristics of Indian Culture ...................7 National Banana Festival ............................40 Signifi cance of Geography Chardham Yatra .........................................40 in Indian Culture ............................................... 7 Makaravilakku Festival ...............................41 Culture and Heritage ......................................... 8 Harvest Festivals around India ...................41 Unity in Diversity ............................................. 11 Pakke Hornbill Fest as ‘State Festival’ .........42 2. Paleolithic Art .........................................15 Sangai Tourism Festival .............................42 Behdiengkhlam Festival .............................43 3. Art & Culture During Indus Valley Cherry Blossom Festival .............................44 Civilization .............................................. 16 Hornbill Festival.........................................44 Art and Culture ............................................... 16 Ambubachi Mela ........................................45 4. Indian Languages .....................................20 6. Indian Literature....................................... 46 5. Religion and Indian Philosophy ...................23 Vedic Literature .............................................. 46 Early Vedic and Later Vedic Period .................. 23 Shruti Literature .............................................. 46 Sects of Hinduism .......................................... 23 Smriti Literature.............................................. 47 Buddhism ....................................................... 24 Classical Sanskrit Literature ............................ 49 Jainism .......................................................... 27 Buddhist Literature ......................................... 50 Indian Philosophy ........................................... 28 Jain Literature ................................................ 51 Bhakti & Sufi Movements ................................ 30 Gupta Period Literature ................................... 51 Major Indian Religions .................................... 31 Early Dravidian Literature ................................ 52 Recent Developments ..................................... 33 Medieval Period Literature .............................. 53 Buddhism ..................................................33 Mughal Period Literature ................................. 55 Vishishtadvaita (Qualifi ed Non-dualism) .....33 Literature During National Movement ............... 57 Sadharan Brahmo Samaj ............................34 Recent Developments ..................................... 59 Prayagraj Kumbha Mela 2019 .....................35 Walmiki and Malhar: 2 unknown languages discovered ................................59 Kuthiyottam Ritual .....................................36 Cultural Expansion .......................................... 60 Mahamastakabhisheka ..............................37 Dwijing Festival .........................................37 7. Spread of Indian Culture Nongkrem Dance Festival ...........................38 Abroad ................................................... 60 Bathukamma Festival ................................38 Indian Culture in Central and East Asia ............ 62 Khajuraho Dance Festival ...........................39 Indian Culture in Sri Lanka and Chithirai Festival ........................................39 South-East Asia .............................................. 64 UNIT II : Visual Art 8. Architecture And Sculpture Since Cave Architecture in Ancient India ................... 72 Mauryan Age ........................................... 68 Temple Architecture ....................................... 73 Mauryan Art ................................................... 68 Indo-Islamic Architecture ................................ 78 Architecture and Sculpture in Post Mauryan Indo Islamic Monuments Build Period ............................................................ 70 Under Different Rulers .....................................80 Medieval School of Sculpture .......................... 81 Buddhist site museum at Lalitgiri Modern Architecture ....................................... 82 in Odisha ...................................................91 Contribution of Famous Architects .................. 83 Monuments of National Importance ...........91 Recent Developments ..................................... 84 Rani-ki-Vav, Patan, Gujrat ............................91 Badshahi Ashoorkhana ..............................84 World Capital of Architecture .....................92 Modern Indian Sculpture ................................. 84 Panj Tirath Hindu religious site declared as national heritage .....................93 Khirki Mosque ...........................................85 Badshahi Ashoorkhana ..............................85 9. Indian Paintings .......................................94 Khirki Mosque ...........................................85 Mural Paintings .............................................. 94 Bababudan Dargah ....................................86 Miniature Paintings......................................... 95 Bagh-e-Naya Qila .......................................86 Modern School of Paintings ............................ 99 Khajuraho Temple ......................................87 Folk Paintings of India .................................. 100 Golkonda Fort ............................................87 Recent Developments ................................... 102 Konark Sun Temple ....................................88 Mithila Paintings......................................102 Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Khajuraho ......88 Thanjavur Paintings .................................103 Sun Temple, Konark ...................................88 Bagru hand-block printing ........................104 Sri Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple .........89 Kalamkari Art ..........................................104 Katas Raj Dham .........................................89 Pochampally Sarees ................................105 Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple, Madurai.....................................................89 10. Indian Pottery ........................................106 Katas Raj Dham, near Lahore, Pakistan .......89 Unglazed Pottery .......................................... 106 Kartarpur Corridor......................................90 Glazed Pottery .............................................. 106 Rani-ki-Vav ................................................90 Terracotta .................................................... 108 Kartarpur Corridor......................................90 Papier - Mache ............................................. 109 UNIT III : Performing Art 11. Classical Music ......................................111 Folk Dances of Central India .......................... 123 Hindustani Music ......................................... 112 Folk Dances of South India ............................ 124 Carnatic Music ............................................. 113 Folk Dances of North Eastern India ................ 125 Similarities & Differences Between Folk Dances of North West India ................... 126 ‘Hindustani’ and ‘Carnatic’ Music ...................113 Folk Dances of South West India ................... 127 Recent Developments ................................... 114 Recent Developments ................................... 128 India’s First Music Museum ......................114 Kamsale Dance........................................128 Difference between Carnatic and Chhau Dance ...........................................128 Hindustani Music .....................................115 15. Drama/Theatre .......................................130 12. Musical Instruments ...............................116 Folk Theatres ............................................... 130 13. Classical Forms Of Dance ........................118 Modern Theatre ............................................ 132 Recent Developments ................................... 121 Theatre after Independence .......................... 134 Dance Panel on Silappathikaram ..............121 16. Puppet Forms of India .............................136 14. Folk Dance Forms ...................................122 Recent Developments ................................... 138 Folk Dances of North India ............................ 122 Tholu Bommalata ....................................138 UNIT IV : Miscellaneous 17. Government Institutions Related to Art and Recent Developments ................................... 142 Culture ................................................. 140 Sangeet Natak Akademi ...........................142 International Buddhist Conference ............143 UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural International Conference on Guru Heritage ..................................................152 Padmasambhava .....................................143 UNESCO Global Geopark Network Status .154 11th World Hindi Conference .....................144 World Heritage Day ..................................155 th 17 World Sanskrit Conference .................144 Kambala ..................................................155 nd 42 Session of World Heritage Pietermaritzburg Station Incident .............155 Committee (WHC) ....................................145 Azad Hind Government