EVALUATION MID-TERM EVALUATION OF THE WATER RESOURCES INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (WARIDI), TANZANIA August 31, 2018 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by Data for Development (D4D). MID-TERM EVALUATION OF THE WATER RESOURCES INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (WARIDI), TANZANIA Submitted: August 31, 2018 USAID/Tanzania, Data for Development Project Contract Number: AID-OAA-1-15-00024/AID-621-TO-17-00005 Prepared by: Thomas Ryan, Team Leader and WASH Specialist, ME&A Nasson Konga, Monitoring and Evaluation Expert, Data for Development Shakila Mayumana, Gender Specialist, Data for Development Dr. Winfred Mbungu, Subject Matter Expert, ME&A Yunusu Rugeiyamu, Subject Matter Expert, ME&A Peter Lorri, Subject Matter Expert, ME&A Evaluation Technical Advisor: Jacob Laden, Data for Development Submitted by: Brenda L. Pearson, Chief of Party ME&A, Inc. (ME&A) 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 210 Bethesda, MD 20814 Tel: 301-652-4334 Email: [email protected] Cover Photo: Communities are fetching water in one of the water points at Kidabaga village, Kilolo district. DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Acknowledgements The Evaluation Team (ET) would like to thank the many respondents who contributed to this review. While the analysis and opinions expressed are those of the authors, those opinions and interpretations were informed by the feedback and responses received from beneficiaries and other stakeholders. The field work was greatly facilitated by the support and participation of the local government staff (RAS, DED, DWE, DHO, DCDOs and others) in the Local Government Authorities visited. They patiently gave their time and their insights to the ET members and made themselves available to the team, in some cases at short notice. We are particularly grateful to the women, men, and youth in the communities visited, and to the Village and Ward officials who participated in focus group meetings and key informant interviews, and willingly gave up their time to share their insights with the team. We would also like to acknowledge the cooperation extended to the ET by the WARIDI program staff and the manner in which they supported this evaluation. Last and certainly not least, we acknowledge the crucial role and contribution made by USAID staff in Dar es Salaam in supporting this evaluation and in their commitment to delivering on the intended WARIDI outcomes for all the targeted beneficiaries. Condolences In memory of our friend and colleague in the ET, Engineer Yunusu Rugeiyamu, who passed away recently. We honor his valuable contributions to this evaluation and send our deepest sympathies to his family. ABSTRACT The purpose of the mid-term evaluation of the Water Resources Integration Development Initiative (WARIDI) is assessing progress towards target results and examining the methods of project implementation, both of which will inform time-sensitive course correction and future design. WARIDI ‘s goal is improved water resources management and service access across multiple sectors. Activities are implemented in selected districts of the Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu river basins in Tanzania. The evaluation team (ET) used a mixed methods approach, which included analyzing project documents and monitoring data, and gathering information through key informant interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders involved in, or benefitting from, WARIDI’s interventions. Using multiple sources of data allowed the ET to triangulate information for cross-validation and gain better understanding of issues from different perspectives. The evaluation found that, in general, WARIDI is well regarded as contributing to improved sustainability in water resources management. However, due to an early underestimation of the complexity and time needed to establish and scale-up activities—especially regarding Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)—many targets will not be met. The program has done an excellent job integrating women and youth into programming but suffers from a lack of resources for the critical component one— WASH services. Allocating much more funding to this component should be a priority. The Leading with Sanitation approach has been effective in alerting communities that they require latrines before receiving other project benefits. However, it is unlikely that the goal of 1,000 participants will be met by the end of the project. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... i 1.0 EVALUATION PURPOSE AND EVALUATION QUESTIONS .............................................................. 2 1.1 Evaluation Questions .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Program Description .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Target Beneficiaries and Geographical Area of Coverage ......................................................... 2 2.3 Project Results Framework and Theory of Change .................................................................... 4 3.0 EVALUATION DESIGN, METHODS and LIMITATIONS ....................................................................... 5 3.1 Evaluation Design ................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Evaluation Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 7 4.0 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 8 4.1 Question 1 (Implementation Approach): To what extent is the leading with sanitation approach used to implement the activities of WARIDI resulting in increased utilization of multiple-use water and sanitation services in the targeted LGAs? .................. 8 4.2 Question 2 (Implementation Approach): To what extent are WARIDI-supported LGAs performing compared to other LGAs in Tanzania? ....................................................... 12 4.3 Question 3 (Sustainability): To what extent is the training and technological support provided by WARIDI to strengthen capacity at Basin, District, and Community level resulting in improved skills for management, operation, and maintenance of the facilities for water resources management, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion? .......................................................................................................................................... 20 4.4 Question 4 (Sustainability): In communities with rehabilitated water infrastructure, to what extent does WARIDI address the reasons for failure and breakdown and how can this inform the development of a sustainability plan for new water schemes by WARIDI and other WSDP actors? ............................................................................................... 26 4.5 Question 5 (Sustainability): To what extent is WARIDI enhancing collaboration among other WSDP actors at the Basin and LGA level (e.g., community members, Government officials, Donors, NGOs, and CSOs) and how does this support the Basins and LGAs to achieve their plans? ...................................................................................... 29 4.6 Question 6 (Private Sector): To what extent is WARIDI enhancing the participation of private sector in the implementation of activities and how that contributes towards achieving different activity milestone and results targets? ....................................................... 32 4.7 Question 7 (Role of gender and youth): To what extent is WARIDI involving women and youth in the implementation process? And how are gender integration and youth inclusion activities mainstreamed with the activity key components? .................................. 34 4.8 Question 8 (Management, leadership, and communications): To what extent are communications and decision-making processes facilitating or inhibiting implementation of activities in a timely manner? ....................................................................... 36 4.9 Question 9 (Management, leadership, and communications): To what extent is the skills composition of the key personnel team sufficient towards achieving the results targets within the timeframe? ......................................................................................................... 39 4.10 Other Findings .................................................................................................................................... 42 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 47 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Annex 1: Evaluation Statement of Work ...................................................................................................