© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL 1Kartik Patel, 2Dhruvin Patel, 3Kashish Shah, 4Shilpa Patil, 1,2,3student, 4Asst. Prof. 1Department of civil engineering, 1Vidya vikas education trust Universal college of engineering, Vasai, India Abstract : One of the main current challenge in many urban areas of the world, both in mega cities and in smaller villages, is considered to be municipal solid waste management . Due to rapid urbanization, economic development and population growth, the waste generation rates are increasing in several cities of the world, leading to diverse challenges. The ways in which solid waste is generated by human activities are handled, stored, collected and disposed off can pose different levels of risks to the environment and to the public health. In early pre-industrial times, waste generation was not an issue as populations were smaller. Waste was disposed off in the ground where it would turn to compost to improve soil fertility. Waste management issues are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency, as population and consumption growth result in increasing quantities of waste. The production of different constituents of waste varies from season to season and place to place, depending on the lifestyle, food habits, standard of living, extent of industrial and commercial activities in the area, and so on. The amount of waste collected from the regions is way too high than the space available for dumping. In Indian scenario, the mentality of people is different and the waste is mixed (Dry and Wet). The collection vehicles collect all the waste in a single vehicle. Even though after numerous government schemes to separate the waste before collection or proper handling and transportation of waste has not succeeded. The waste which is collected is not segregated at source which creates a lot of problem in treatment of waste. By realising the rising problem of waste, the segregation of waste must be given importance at source. We designed a compacted machine which would further segregate the dry waste such that it will segregate the metals from dry waste and can be send for recycling purpose. For the wet waste, we designed a cylindrical vessel which will compost the wet waste and it will rotate at 10RPM and the rotation of the cylinder will be automatic. Keywords: solid waste, problems, solution, smart dustbin, invessel composting Introduction One of the main current challenge in many urban areas of the world, both in mega cities and in smaller villages, is considered to be municipal solid waste management (MSWM) (UN Habitat, 2010). Due to rapid urbanization, economic development and population growth, the waste generation rates are increasing in several cities of the world, leading to diverse challenges. The ways in which solid wastes generated by human activities are handled, stored, collected and disposed of can pose different levels of risks to the environment and to the public health. (K N Chinchodkar, 2017) In early pre-industrial times, waste generation was not an issue as populations were smaller. Waste was disposed of in the ground where it would turn to compost to improve soil fertility. Waste management issues are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency, as population and consumption growth result in increasing quantities of waste. Levels of municipal waste production are directly proportional to the levels of industrialization and levels of income. The production of different constituents of waste varies from season to season and place to place, depending on the lifestyle, food habits, standard of living, extent of industrial and commercial activities in the area, and so on. The Ways in which solid wastes generated by human activities are handled, stored and disposed of can pose different level of risk to the environment and to the public health. Solid waste is therefore a vital municipal responsibility, yet municipal authorities in rapidly urbanized cities find it hard to manage with the accelerating pace of waste generation. MSW is a heterogenous mixture of paper, plastic, metal, glass, stones, etc. A typical composition of Indian Municipal Solid Waste is given below. JETIR1904381 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 551 © 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) 11.73 40.15 41.81 3.8 0.81 0.62 0.640.44 Vegetable leaves Grass Paper Plastic Glass/Ceramics Metal Stones/ashes Miscellaneous Composition of MSW Figure 1(www.devlat.org) Due to an increasing demographic growth, industrialization urbanization and economic wealth, are up and growing amounts of waste in developed countries. Chemical composition of waste is complex, more and more threatening human health and the environment. (Nebojsa Jovicic, 2009) Objective: 1. To segregate the solid waste at source & to maintain proper handling and transportation of Municipal Solid Waste at source. 2. To dispose the solid waste in an economical way so as to protect the public health and environment by laws. 3. To reduce the amount of solid waste at source and at community level by reducing, reusing and recycling the MSW. 4. To process the Municipal Solid Waste at community level so as to decrease load on MCGM. JETIR1904381 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 552 © 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) The amount of waste collected from the regions is way too high than the space available for dumping. In Indian scenario the mentality of people is different the waste is mixed (Dry and Wet) the collection vehicles collect all the waste in a single vehicle. Even though after numerous government schemes to separate the waste before collection or proper handling and transportation of waste has not succeeded. To overcome this, rules have to be employed for segregation of waste and a solution is to be given to the consumers for proper segregation of waste. The waste which is collected is not segregated at source which creates a lot of problem in treatment of waste. Hazardous waste or biomedical waste sometimes get mixed with the municipal solid waste, this affects the whole waste and makes the waste harmful. If the waste is segregated at source it eases the process of treatment and helps to recover the waste which can be recycled or reused or recovery can be done. Certain laws making it compulsory to segregate the waste at source by use of simple dustbins can be done. If the waste is segregate at source it helps in compacting the waste and large amount of waste can be transported in a single trip. The segregated waste can be collected by the mass producer for the reuse or recycle of the waste. Once the waste has already been segregated at source the amount left to dispose gradually decreases thus the load on MSW decreases. The Marathon Era at Lower Parel uses this technique and sends only 5% of its waste to the municipality. Methodology: Visit to Marathon Era to gain the knowledge of processing MSW. To decide the different units to be used for treating the MSW at community level. To study and design of In-vessel composting for wet waste. To finalize the flow chart and to prepare scaled model of MSW process. VISIT TO MARATHON ERA A site visit to marathon Era has been investigated, “Perk” is the housekeeping staff company which deals with all the housekeeping process. The housekeeping executive manager manages all the operations related to the treatment and cleaning staff and ensures that the waste generated from the source is disposed off effectively by storing the waste in dry and wet waste separately. Also, the waste which can be recycled can be returned back to the manufacturer thus depleting the amount of waste to be treated. The major significance of the site is that they return the waste that can be recycled or reused which includes tetra-bags, newspapers, glass, e-waste, etc. JETIR1904381 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 553 © 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Units used for treating MSW at community level Waste Generation Storage Collection Transfer/Transport Processing/Recovery Disposal 1) Waste Generation: Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value (in their present form) and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. Waste generation is, at present, an activity that is not very controllable. In the future, however, more control is likely to be exercised over the generation of wastes. Reduction of waste at source, although not controlled by solid waste managers, is now included in system evaluations as a method of limiting the quantity of waste generated. 2) Waste Handling, Sorting, Storage, and Processing at the Source: The second of the six functional elements in the solid waste management system is waste handling, sorting, storage, and processing at the source. Waste handling and sorting involves the activities associated with management of wastes until they are placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Sorting of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source. For example, the best place to separate waste materials for reuse and recycling is at the source of generation. Households are becoming more aware of the importance of separating newspaper and cardboard, bottles/glass, kitchen wastes and ferrous and non-ferrous materials. On-site storage is of primary importance because of public health concerns and aesthetic consideration.