MECHANIZATION SMALL FISHING CRAF Outboards Inboard Enginc'In Open Craft Inboard Engines in Decked Cra t Servicing and Maintenance Coca ogo Subjects treated in the various sections are: Installation and operation of outboard motors; Inboard engines in open craft; Inboard engines in decked craft; Service and maintenance. Much of the editorial matter is based upon the valuable and authoritative papers presented at a symposium held in Korea and )rganized by the FAO and the Indo- ' acific Council. These papers St.1.07,0,0 MV4,104,4",,,A1M, ; have been edited by Commander John Burgess, and are accom- oanied by much other material of value from various authors. Foreword by Dr. D. B. Finn, C.14.G. Director, Fisheries Division, FAO t has become a tradition for the three sections of FAO's Fisheries Technology BranchBoats, Gear and Processingalternately, in each biennium, to organize a large technical meeting with the participation of both Government institutes and private industry. It all started in 1953 with the Fishing Boat Congress having sessions in Paris and Miami, the proceedings of which were published in " Fishing Boats of the World." A Processing Meeting followed in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in 1956, and a ,ear Congress was organized in Hamburg, Germany, in 1957. A second Fishing Boat Congress was held in Rome in 1959, the proceedings of which were again published in " Fishing Boats of the World :2." Those two fishing boat congresses were, in a way, rather comprehensive, trying to cover the whole field of fishing boat design and also attracting participants from dzfferent backgrounds. This was not a disadvantage, because people having dzfferent experiences were mutually influencing each other and were induced to see further away than their own limited world. Howeve,r, the tendency was also to have specialized meetings, covering smaller subjects and, therefore, FAO welcomed very much the Inter- national Economic Conference on Small Craft for Fisheries and Transportation, which was organized by Outboard Marine Corporation in Nezo York in 1960. FAO organized a Research Vessel Forum in Tokyo in 1961 and, in Gdansk, Poland, a Fishing Vessel Stability Meeting in 1963. The FAO-sponsored Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council organized, in 1962 in Seoul, Korea, a symposium on the mechanization of fishing craft, and FAO contributed in 1963 to the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology in Geneva, with a paper entitled " Mechanization of Fishing Craft " by Jan-010f Traung, and which was reprinted in Fishing News International, Vol. 2, No. 2. The third FAO Technical Meeting on Fishing Boats will be held in October 1965 in Göteborg, Sweden, and this conference will be especially concerned with smaller units of 100 gross tons or less, especially those for developing countries.It is felt that larger fishing vessels can be left out this time because the British White Fish Authority organized a symposium on the use of diesels in 1962 and on stern trawling in 1963, and there were regional technical meetings on fisheries in Ostend in 1960 in Scheveningen in the Netherlands in 1961, and there will be a new one in Scheveningen in 1964. The IPFC symposium on the mechanization of fishing craft attracted a number of valuable papers. The decision of Fishing News International to reprint suitable parts of these papers and to supplement this material with additional contributions is highly commendable because it will create a very good lead into the work of the third FAO Technical Meeting on Fishing Boats, 1965, in Göteborg, Sweden. [ 1 ] PR-120 Twill Cylinder, 2 Sirolie, WaIecooleri, 12 u.0 11.1),M. Moioi 3200, 11.P.M, Piopeller 1900 Gem case 13, pi opener are oi Bi ooze Penta Outboards just love to work under all conditions "rchimedeswith a minimum of maintenance. Our old friend the PA-120 (illust- rated above), we call him 'The Workhorse', is designed to be used day in, day out as hard as you like, for as long as you likehe never tires. Thousands of these engines are in use everywhere in the worldfrom the heat of the tropics to the cold of the Arctic. Archimedes Penta have an Outboard Motor to meet with every requirement. Every motor is economical and offers a quality of work- manship that cannot be surpassed. Archimedes Penta Outboards are easy tooperate, thoroughly reliable, maintenance costs are exceptionally low and an extensive world-wide service organisation ensures a ready spare parts service. E30 E20 E50 Twin Cylinder 2 Stroke, , Twin Cylinder 2 Stroke,Loop Scavenged,WaterThree Cylinder 2 Stroke Loop Scavenged,Watercooled,291 hpatLoop Scavenged, Water cooled, 43 hp at cooled, 17,5 hp at 55005500 RPM. 12V 75 W A 717 RPM, 12 v 60 W Gener-AC Generator built in 5000 RPM. 12 V 75W AC ator built in Generator built in Foe FULL DETAILS OF THE ARCHIMEDES PENTA PLEASE WRITE TO: AB ELECTROLUX, Outboard Motor Division, P.O. Box 125, Bromma 1, Stockholm, Sweden Cables: Motorelux, Stockholm, Sweden. EVERY ARCHIMEDES PENTA OUTBOARD IS EXCEPTIONALLY ECONOMICAL ON FUEL. U.K. AGENTSBOUNDERS CO, LTD., Penta Outboard Division,124 Barlby Road, London,W,10 [ 2 ] r 1 IL - a r 7Ti 1-1 - , 1111 FIG. 1: Common local boat in Ceylon is the oru. The bottom The concept of outboard mechanization to aid fishermen is a dugout with two high boards on top as gunwales.This in developing countries did not have an easy birth. The symmetrical craft, when tacking, uses either end as bow ,. always outboard motor was associated in too many minds with keeping the outrigger to windward.Under sail, up to 10 and pleasure craft, water ski-ing and taking the family for a 12 knots have been reported. During calms, the one is extremely awkward. Sunday " drive " on the lake. Memories arose of frustrated (F AO photograph by Erik Estlander) minutes at the starting cord of a balky boat of the future. People have also said motor, and the long row home.Econo- THE AUTHOR that the airplane is the means of transport mists pointed to the fairly high cost of of the future. Both may be true, but only petrol and the less expensive fuel costs of in this sense: for a long time to come, the diesel power. (Frequently it was forgotten world will probably have cargo lines, river that high petrol costs stem from high road barges, bicycles and mules, as wellas taxes ; that millions of motorists rely daily airplanes. In the same way, we will have onpetrol-fuelledengines;thatdiesel factory ships along with trawlers, purse engines are much more expensive, tend seiners, long-liners, catamarans and other to have higher maintenance costs than fishing craft." outboards and do not runquiteas In time, those who were thinking about smoothly as the petrol-fuelled engines.) mechanization in fisheries, began to think Some teams offishery workers of outboard-powered fishing craft as the questionedthestep-by-stepapproach motorbikes of the industry. towards greater mechanization that out- The outboard motor is not new.This board power enables. These teams thought year is the 100-year anniversary of the it best to invest in heavier boats and first patent, which was taken out in France. enginesfrom thestart,incontrolled By 1896, the first commercial model was programmes with pilot projects and plenty Jan- Olof Trau ng,Chief, available in America. In 1907, the French of training. This approach, based on long- FAO Fishing B oat Section " Motogoclill " was introduced into Sweden, range development plans towards achieve- whereitwas known asthe" power ment of modern commercial fishing fleets, has also found rudder." These motors were rather strange contraptions, success in some areas. but the basic and lasting concept of the modern outboard But the step-by-step approach of using outboard was derived from the custom-made models of a Nor- mechanization to explore the promise of future heavier wegianAmerican, Ole Evinrude.His original model of mechanization slowly won converts. It was conceded that 1909 weighed 62 lb., developedhp and cost U.S. $62 there was more than one way to encourage fisheries (then about 03). development and that outboard mechanization was worth The basic single-cylinder design did not change until a try. about 1945.Meanwhile, a two-cylinder outboard was As Mr. Mogens Jul, then Chief of the Technology Branch developed in 1921, a four-cylinder model in 1929 and of FAO's Fisheries Division, said in 1953 : the power/weight ratio of all models was constantly " Some have said that the factory ship is the fishing improving. [ 3 ] CRAFT MECHANIZATION-1 Since 1945, considerable work has been done towards engines require comparatively strongly built boats, but reducing vibration and improving efficiency by putting many very primitive boats can be mechanized with out- the power plant on flexible mountings and experimenting boards. with various propellers. The modern era of outboards On a trip to Ceylon in 1951 to investigate possibilities began about 1950, with the introduction of the first gear- for fisheries development, everything I saw seemed to shift models, electric starting for larger models, remote point to one conclusionhere was the ideal place for the control, and the separation of the fuel tank from the outboard to become an important factor in fisheries engine which was demanded as power was increased. development. World production of outboard motors in 1963 was about Ceylon at that time had not a single mechanized fishing 500,000 unitsatex-works pricesof approximately craft.But the Government was most interested in U.S. $160 million (06 million). Most of this production is improving their fishery because there were many reports of used for relaxation, but the small fraction of outboard good resources.Fisheries biologists and administrators etworkhorses " is steadily increasing.