2011 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Other Drugs: Asia and the Pacic and Other Stimulants and the Pacic Drugs: Asia of Amphetamine-Type Trends and 2011 Patterns and Other Drugs Asia and the PĂĐŝĮĐ Contact details Global SMART Programme (East Asia) *OREDO60$573URJUDPPH +HDGTXDUWHUV 8QLWHG1DWLRQV2I¿FHRQ'UXJVDQG&ULPH 812'& 8QLWHG1DWLRQV2I¿FHRQ'UXJVDQG&ULPH 812'& 5HJLRQDO&HQWUHIRU(DVW$VLDDQGWKH3DFL¿F Vienna International Centre 81%XLOGLQJUG)ORRU%ORFN% 32%R[ 5DMGDPQHUQ1RN$YHQXH $9LHQQD %DQJNRN7KDLODQG $XVWULD www.apaic.org 812'&ZRXOGOLNHWRVSHFL¿FDOO\UHFRJQL]HWKHIROORZLQJIXQGLQJSDUWQHUVIRUWKHLU FRQWULEXWLRQWRWKH*OREDO60$573URJUDPPH UNODC AUSTRALIA CANADA JAPAN NEW ZEALAND REPUBLIC OF KOREA THAILAND Global SMART Programme 2011 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and 2WKHU'UXJV$VLDDQGWKH3DFL¿F 2011 A Report from the Global SMART Programme November 2011 Printed: November 2011 Authorship: Global SMART Programme Global team: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Dr. Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientic Section Ms. Beate Hammond, Programme Expert/Global SMART Manager Ms. Alice Hamilton, Consultant East Asia team: Mr. Tun Nay Soe, Ocer-in-Charge, Global SMART Programme (East Asia) Mr. Shawn Kelley, Research Analyst Ms. Supreeya Aksornpan, Project Assistant Mr. Akara Umapornsakula, Web Assistant Mr. Siraphob Ruedeeniyomvuth, Graphic Designer Disclaimer: is document has not been formally edited. e designations employed and the presentation of the material in the document does not employ the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area under its authority or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries. Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and 2WKHU'UXJV$VLDDQGWKH3DFL¿F 2011 A Report from the Global SMART Programme November 2011 Printed: November 2011 Authorship: Global SMART Programme Global team: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Dr. Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientic Section Ms. Beate Hammond, Programme Expert/Global SMART Manager Ms. Alice Hamilton, Consultant East Asia team: Mr. Tun Nay Soe, Ocer-in-Charge, Global SMART Programme (East Asia) Mr. Shawn Kelley, Research Analyst Ms. Supreeya Aksornpan, Project Assistant Mr. Akara Umapornsakula, Web Assistant Mr. Siraphob Ruedeeniyomvuth, Graphic Designer Disclaimer: is document has not been formally edited. e designations employed and the presentation of the material in the document does not employ the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area under its authority or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries. Indonesia ..............................................................................................................................................75 Table of Contents Emerging trends and concerns .............................................................................................................. 75 Overview of the drug situation .............................................................................................................. 75 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... i Patterns and trends of drug use ............................................................................................................. 76 The Global SMART Programme .............................................................................................................. ii Injecting drug use ................................................................................................................................. 76 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... iii Drug treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 77 List of tables and figures ..........................................................................................................................vi Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices ................................................................................................ 78 Notes to the reader ...................................................................................................................................xi Sources of illicit drugs ........................................................................................................................... 79 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................1 Forensic data ......................................................................................................................................... 80 Background and Method ..........................................................................................................................3 Japan ....................................................................................................................................................81 Regional Trends ........................................................................................................................................5 Emerging trends and concerns .............................................................................................................. 81 East and South-East Asia ........................................................................................................................7 Overview of the drug situation .............................................................................................................. 81 Pacific Island States and territories .......................................................................................................27 Patterns and trends of drug use ............................................................................................................. 81 South Asia ............................................................................................................................................39 Injecting drug use ................................................................................................................................. 82 National Trends ......................................................................................................................................47 Drug treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Australia ...............................................................................................................................................49 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices ................................................................................................ 82 Emerging trends and concerns .............................................................................................................. 49 Sources of illicit drugs ........................................................................................................................... 84 Overview of the drug situation .............................................................................................................. 49 Forensic data ......................................................................................................................................... 85 Patterns and trends of drug use ............................................................................................................. 50 Lao PDR ..............................................................................................................................................87 Injecting drug use ................................................................................................................................. 50 Emerging trends and concerns .............................................................................................................. 87 Drug treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Overview of the drug situation .............................................................................................................. 87 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices ................................................................................................ 52 Patterns and trends of drug use ............................................................................................................. 87 Sources of illicit drugs ........................................................................................................................... 54 Injecting drug use ................................................................................................................................. 88 Forensic data ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Drug treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 89 Brunei Darussalam ...............................................................................................................................57