SEDIMENTATION OF LAKE TANEYCOMO, MISSOURI, 1913-1987 By Wayne R. Berkas U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4160 Prepared in cooperation with the MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Rolla, Missouri 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can write to: be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports 1400 Independence Road Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Mail Stop 200 Box 25425 Rolla, Missouri 65401 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose and scope........................................................................................................ 3 Study area..................................................................................................................... 3 Previous sedimentation study........................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................... 6 Sedimentation survey................................................................................................................. 6 Volumetric survey.......................................................................................................... 6 Method.............................................................................................................. 7 Lake and sediment volume determinations...................................................... 14 Factors affecting sediment accumulation and volume estimates..................... 14 Cesium-137 measurements.......................................................................................... 18 Method.............................................................................................................. 21 Results.............................................................................................................. 21 Supporting information............................................................................................................... 23 Velocity.......................................................................................................................... 23 Particle-size distribution................................................................................................. 24 Summary.................................................................................................................................... 29 References cited......................................................................................................................... 31 Additional information................................................................................................................. 33 ill ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figures 1 .-3. Maps showing: 1. Location of study area and part of the Lake Taneycomo drainage basin....................................................................................................... 2 2. Area draining to Lake Taneycomo after the completion of Table Rock Dam during 1958 .................................................................................... 5 3. Location of ranges and cesium-137 sampling sites ...................................... 8 Figures 4.-22. Graphs or cross sections showing: 4. Relation between cross-sectional area and distance from Ozark Beach Dam at ranges................................................................... 17 5. Changes in cross-sectional area at each range along Lake Taneycomo...... 19 6. Elevation of the thalweg in the 1913,1935, and 1987 cross sections........... 20 7. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS1......................................................................................................... 34 8. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS2....................... 36 9. Location of site CS3 in range 25 cross section............................................. 37 10. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS3....................... 39 11. Location of site CS4 in range 26 cross section............................................. 40 12. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS4....................... 41 13. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS5......................................................................................................... 42 14. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS6......................................................................................................... 44 15. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS7......................................................................................................... 45 16. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS8....................... 47 17. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS9......................................................................................................... 48 18. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS10..................... 50 19. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS11....................................................................................................... 51 20. Location of site CS12 in range 33 cross section........................................... 53 21. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS12..................... 54 22. Location of site CS13 in range 34 cross section........................................... 55 IV ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued Page Figures 23.-41. Graphs or cross sections showing: 23. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS13..................... 57 24. Location of site CS14 in range 35 cross section........................................... 58 25. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS14..................... 60 26. Location, cesium-137 activity, and particle-size distribution at site CS15....................................................................................................... 61 27. Location of site CS16 in range 37 cross section........................................... 63 28. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS16..................... 65 29. Location of site CS17 in range 38 cross section........................................... 66 30. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS1 7... .................. 68 31. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS18..................... 70 32. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS19..................... 71 33. Location of site CS20 in range 39 cross section........................................... 72 34. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS20..................... 74 35. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS21..................... 76 36. Location of site CS22 and CS23 in range 40 cross section.......................... 77 37. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS22..................... 79 38. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution at site CS23..................... 80 39. Detachment velocities for quartz sediment as a function of mean sediment size.......................................................................................... 26 40. Estimated water-channel interface velocities ................................................ 27 41. Median particle size of bed material, May 1988............................................ 28 TABLES Page Table 1. Cross-sectional area of each range in 1913,1935, and 1987....................... 15 2. Sediment deposition after 1954 as determined from cesium-137 analyses............................................................................................... 22 Tables 3-27. Cesium-137 activity and particle-size distribution of depth increments in sediment profile at: 3. Site CS1 ........................................................................................................ 35 4. Site CS2........................................................................................................ 35 5. Site CS3........................................................................................................ 38 6. Site CS4........................................................................................................ 38 7. Site CS5........................................................................................................ 43 8. Site CS6........................................................................................................ 43 9. Site CS7........................................................................................................ 46 10. Site CS8........................................................................................................ 46 11. Site CS9.......................................................................................................