Egypt 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015 Health Issues Survey EGYPT HEALTH ISSUES SURVEY 2015 Ministry of Health and Population Cairo, Egypt El-Zanaty and Associates Cairo, Egypt The DHS Program ICF International Rockville, Maryland, USA October 2015 Ministry of Health and Population El-Zanaty and Associates The 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS) was conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Population by El-Zanaty and Associates. The 2015 EHIS is part of The DHS Program which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID/Egypt was the main contributor of funding for the survey. Support for the survey also was provided by UNICEF and UNFPA. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, UNICEF or UNFPA. Additional information about the 2015 EHIS may be obtained from the Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles El Shaab Street, Cairo, Egypt; Telephone: 20-2-27948555 and Fax: 20-2-27924156. Information about DHS surveys may be obtained from The DHS Program, ICF International, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA; Telephone: 1-301-407-6500, Fax: 1-301-407-6501, E-mail: [email protected], and Internet: www.DHSprogram.com. Recommended citation: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], El-Zanaty and Associates [Egypt], and ICF International. 2015. Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015. Cairo, Egypt and Rockville, Maryland, USA: Ministry of Health and Population and ICF International. CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ v PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................... xi MAP OF EGYPT ........................................................................................................................................ xii 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Major Objectives of the 2015 EHIS ......................................................... 1 1.2 Organization and Implementation of the 2015 EHIS .......................................................... 2 1.2.1 Organization ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 2015 EHIS Timetable ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 Sample Design ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.4 Questionnaire Development ................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 Biomarker Data Collection .................................................................................... 4 1.2.6 Hepatitis Testing Protocol ...................................................................................... 5 1.2.7 Pretest..................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.8 Recruitment and Training of Field Staff ................................................................ 6 1.2.9 Fieldwork ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2.10 Data Processing Activities ..................................................................................... 8 1.3 Survey Coverage ................................................................................................................. 9 2 BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ............................................... 11 2.1 Background Characteristics of Respondents ..................................................................... 11 2.2 Educational Attainment ..................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Exposure to Media ............................................................................................................. 15 2.4 Employment Status ............................................................................................................ 19 2.4.1 Current Employment ............................................................................................ 19 2.4.2 Occupation ........................................................................................................... 22 3 KNOWLEDGE AND PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND C ......................................... 25 3.1 Knowledge of Hepatitis C ................................................................................................. 26 3.2 Knowledge of Hepatitis B ................................................................................................. 30 3.3 History of Hepatitis B and C and Liver Disease ................................................................ 35 3.4 History of Treatment for Hepatitis C ................................................................................. 36 3.5 Hepatitis Testing in the 2015 EHIS ................................................................................... 37 3.5.1 Coverage of Hepatitis Testing ............................................................................. 37 3.5.2 Return of the Results of Hepatitis Testing ........................................................... 39 3.6 Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C ........................................................................................ 39 3.6.1 Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C by Age .............................................................. 39 3.6.2 Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C by Socioeconomic Characteristics ................... 41 3.6.3 Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C by Lifetime Exposure to Medical Procedures ............................................................................................................ 44 3.7 Trends in the Prevalence of Hepatitis C ............................................................................ 49 4 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT HIV/AIDS .......................................................... 51 4.1 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS .................................................................................................. 51 4.2 Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................................................... 58 4.3 Accepting Attitudes toward People Living with AIDS ..................................................... 60 4.4 Knowledge of a Source for HIV Testing ........................................................................... 61 4.5 Sources of Information about AIDS .................................................................................. 63 Contents • iii 5 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ........................................................................................ 65 5.1 Self-Reported History of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Heart Attack or Stroke ................ 65 5.2 Use of Tobacco .................................................................................................................. 67 5.3 Nutritional Status ............................................................................................................... 69 5.4 High Blood Pressure .......................................................................................................... 73 6 FAMILY PLANNING AND FERTILITY .................................................................................. 81 6.1 Knowledge of Family Planning Methods .......................................................................... 81 6.2 Attitudes toward the Timing of Use of Family Planning ................................................... 82 6.3 Exposure to Family Planning Messages ............................................................................ 84 6.4 Ideal Number and Spacing of Births ................................................................................. 86 6.4.1 Ideal Number of Children .................................................................................... 87 6.4.2 Ideal Interval between Births ............................................................................... 89 6.5 Ideal Age at Marriage ........................................................................................................ 90 7 WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CONCERNS .......................................................... 95 7.1 Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening .................................................................. 95 7.2 Caesarean Deliveries ......................................................................................................... 98 8 FEMALE CIRCUMCISION ...................................................................................................... 103 8.1 Female Circumcision ....................................................................................................... 103 8.1.1 Prevalence of Circumcision among Women Age 15-49 .................................... 103 8.1.2 Women’s Circumcision Experience ................................................................... 105 8.2 Circumcision among Young Girls ................................................................................... 106