Ref. Ares(2020)645283 - 02/02/2020 Sino-European Innovative Green and Smart Cities Deliverable 1.1 Maps of quantitative and qualitative data for each of the showcase locations - Synthesis report Lead Partner: Nordregio Lead Authors: Luciane Aguiar Borges, Linda Randall & Shinan Wang Due date: 31/01/2020 Version: 2.0 The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research, and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement No 774233 Disclaimer SiEUGreen The information, documentation and figures in this deliverable are The project has received written by the SiEUGreen project consortium under EC grant funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research, agreement No 774233 and do not necessarily reflect the views of the and Innovation programme, European Commission. The European Commission is not liable for under grant Agreement N 774233 and from the Chinese any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Ministry of Science and Technology. Throughout SiEUGreen’s implementation, EU and China will share technologies and experiences, thus contributing to the future developments of urban agriculture and urban resilience in both continents. The project SiEUGreen aspires to enhance the EU-China cooperation in promoting urban agriculture for food security, resource efficiency and smart, resilient cities. The project contributes to the preparation, deployment and evaluation of showcases in 5 selected European and Chinese urban and peri-urban areas: a previous hospital site in Norway, community gardens in Denmark, previously unused municipal areas with dense facebook.com/SiEUGreen2020 refugee population in Turkey, big urban community farms in Beijing and new green urban development in Changsha Central China. twitter.com/SiEUGreen A sustainable business model allowing SiEUGreen to live beyond the project period is planned by joining forces of private investors, governmental linkedin.com/groups/8652505 policy makers, communities of citizens, academia and technology providers. 1 Technical References Project Acronym: SiEUGreen Project Title: Sino-European Innovative Green and Smart Cities Project Coordinator: Dr. Petter D. Jenssen, NMBU Phone: +4791377360 Email: [email protected] Project Duration: January 2018 - December 2021 Deliverable No: D1.1 Dissemination level 1: PP Work Package: WP 1 - Support to institutional and social structures for creating resilient cities with UA Task: T 1.1 Mapping the current landscape of UA showing the interaction between agriculture and the urban sphere Lead beneficiary: 5 - Nordregio Contributing beneficiar-y (-ies): 1 - NMBU, 2 - NIBIO, 7 - Aarhus Kommune 13 - Hatay, 14 – CASS, 16- Hunan Hengkai Due date of deliverable: 30/06/2018 Actual submission date: 30/06/2018 1 PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document History Version Date Author - Beneficiary Summary of Changes 1.0 30/06/2018 Nordregio Final Version 2.0 31/01/2020 Nordregio Revised Version Executive Summary This report presents a synthesis of the maps of quantitative and qualitative data for each of the SiEUGreen showcase locations and outlines a preliminary data collection strategy for the remainder of the SiEUGreen project. It is based on the reports provided by the case study expert for each showcase (Annex 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5), considered in the context of contemporary thinking about urban agriculture (UA) in developed countries. The report is presented in three parts: • Part 1 provides an overview of the European and Chinese showcases and outlines the methodology used. • Part 2 is the most substantial component and focuses on the four central concepts of the SiEUGreen project - land use, food security, resource efficiency and societal inclusion. It synthesizes data from the case study reports, incorporating academic literature as relevant. Comparative national-level data is also presented for food security and resource efficiency. The analysis is structured around the expected impacts set out in the project proposal, as relevant to each pillar. • Part 3 provides a concise summary of the findings from the maps of quantitative and qualitative data for each of the showcase locations before laying out a preliminary data collection strategy to inform the work undertaken in WP1 for the remainder of the SiEUGreen project. 3 Table of Contents Technical References............................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 4 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 6 List of Images ........................................................................................................................ 7 Part 1. Introduction & Methodology ...................................................................................... 8 The showcases .................................................................................................................. 8 The European showcases ............................................................................................... 8 The Chinese showcases ............................................................................................... 11 Methodology................................................................................................................... 16 Part 2. The pillars of urban agriculture................................................................................. 19 Module 1 LAND USE ........................................................................................................ 19 Understanding the use of land for urban agriculture – a basic model ........................... 19 Secure land for UA – institutional aspects .................................................................... 22 Increase land efficiency for UA – spatial and functional aspects ................................... 26 Identifying the potential and hindrances for UA........................................................... 28 Create greener landscapes – political and institutional support & monitoring for UA ... 29 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 30 Module 2 FOOD SECURITY ............................................................................................... 31 What is food security? ................................................................................................. 31 Increase food security in line with the measures provided by the FAO-UN ................... 32 Increase access to high-quality food that is healthy, nutritious and contamination-free .................................................................................................................................... 43 Increase understanding of the contribution of UA to the urban food system ............... 45 4 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 47 Module 3 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ..................................................................................... 49 Mitigate environmental impacts through UA implementing novel technologies .......... 50 Promote resource efficiency in relation to UA applying quantitative measures ............ 52 Increase understanding of the contribution of UA to C-E and green growth ................. 63 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 65 Module 4 SOCIETAL INCLUSION ....................................................................................... 67 Map & analysis of the actors involved in the cases study ............................................. 67 Improving societal inclusion ........................................................................................ 70 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 74 Part 3. Summary and next steps .......................................................................................... 76 Summary of findings........................................................................................................ 76 Data collection strategy ................................................................................................... 80 References .......................................................................................................................... 82 List of Figures Figure 1: Master plan Futiancangjun ................................................................................... 14 Figure 2: Aerial view of Futiancangjun ................................................................................. 14 Figure 3: Interrelations between the land-use dimensions .................................................. 20 Figure 4: Use of urban land for agriculture: a framework for analysis