Broken Technologies 2 The Angel of Machines: from Buch der Erfindungen Gewerbe und Industrien,or Book of Inven- tions,Vol.6,1887, F.Reuleaux, Editor. From Moon, Francis C. The Machines of Leonardo da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux. Kinematics of Machines from the Renaissance to the 20th Century. Springer, 2007. FrontPage: © Maria Flores Crossa 3 Broken Technologies The Humanist as Engineer Fernando Flores Morador Lund University 2011- revised 2015 4 Department of History of Ideas and Science University of Lund Broken Technologies. The Humanist as Engineer. Ver 3.0 Biskopsgatan 7, 223 62 Lund © Fernando Flores Morador, 2009, Third Edition Cover: Maria Flores Crossa Tryck: Media – Tryck, Lunds Universitet, 2011-revised 2015 ISBN: 978-91-633-9692-2 5 Contents Contents ....................................................................................................................................... 5 List of figures .................................................................................................................................. 7 List of Tables.................................................................................................................................. 9 Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 11 First Edition (Ver. 1.0) ................................................................................................................ 11 Second edition (Ver. 1.1) ............................................................................................................ 11 Third Edition (Ver. 2.0) .............................................................................................................. 11 Forth Edition (Ver. 3.0) .............................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15 About the benefit of humanity studies ..................................................................................... 15 How we understand “technology” ............................................................................................ 17 First-level brokenness.................................................................................................................. 19 Second-level brokenness ............................................................................................................. 20 Third-level brokenness ................................................................................................................ 21 Part I: The Encyclopaedia of Broken Technologies .......................................................... 25 An outline of first-level brokenness ..................................................................................... 27 Entry 1: Fantastic Technologies ............................................................................................ 33 Entry 2: Magic technologies................................................................................................... 39 Entry 3: Tentative technologies............................................................................................. 43 Entry 4: Technologies of poverty ......................................................................................... 47 Urban acupuncture ...................................................................................................................... 48 Entry 5: Fruitless technologies .............................................................................................. 51 Worldly humanism ....................................................................................................................... 54 Entry 6: Art as broken technology ........................................................................................ 57 Art after Duchamp ...................................................................................................................... 59 An outline of second-level brokenness ................................................................................ 63 Entry 7: Enigmatic technologies ........................................................................................... 67 Entry 8: Virtual Technologies................................................................................................ 71 Texts as machines ........................................................................................................................ 76 Entry 9: Media-broken technologies .................................................................................... 81 6 Entry 10: Game technologies ................................................................................................ 87 Games and the Pleasure Principle ............................................................................................. 89 An outline of the third-level of brokenness ........................................................................ 91 Entry 11: Value-broken technologies and broken labour ................................................. 95 The substance of value in Marx ................................................................................................. 95 Use–value and archaic labour .................................................................................................... 98 Either Use–value or Change–value ........................................................................................... 99 Head and Hand in Labour ........................................................................................................ 102 Family labour and broken value .............................................................................................. 103 Entry 12: Second language technologies ............................................................................ 107 Modelling Languages ................................................................................................................. 108 Entry 13: Amateur-technologies ......................................................................................... 111 Quality-broken technologies .................................................................................................... 111 Amateurism and professionalism in computer technology ................................................. 112 Entry 14: Artificiality as broken technology ..................................................................... 115 Artificial Life or the Vitalism of Postmodernity ................................................................... 118 Two competing epistemological models ................................................................................ 119 The foundations of Postmodern philosophy of Life ........................................................... 119 Entry 15: Cloning as Broken Technology ......................................................................... 125 Part II: The Humanist as Engineer ..................................................................................... 129 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 129 Caring for first-level brokenness ......................................................................................... 131 From pure thought and language to praxis ............................................................................ 131 The two states of mind ............................................................................................................. 132 Order and Information ............................................................................................................. 137 Caring for second-level brokenness.................................................................................... 143 The World ................................................................................................................................... 143 Empirical versus phenomenal dimensions ............................................................................ 150 Empirical dimensions ................................................................................................................ 153 Phenomenal dimensions ........................................................................................................... 157 Technology and epistemology ................................................................................................. 160 Technology from the point of view of post-phenomenology ............................................ 162 Things and devices ..................................................................................................................... 165 Congruence in artefacts and tools ........................................................................................... 169 Multistability and brokenness .................................................................................................. 170 Docking and congruence .......................................................................................................... 172 Docking based on sexual analogies ......................................................................................... 177 The docking of devices ............................................................................................................