Luther Seminary Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary Master of Theology Theses Student Theses 2019 Apostolicam Ecclesiam: Socio-Liturgical Interpretation of the Mission of the Church in the Perspective of Friedrich Nietzsche's "Antichrist" Sebastian Ryszard Madejski Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/mth_theses Part of the Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Madejski, Sebastian Ryszard, "Apostolicam Ecclesiam: Socio-Liturgical Interpretation of the Mission of the Church in the Perspective of Friedrich Nietzsche's "Antichrist"" (2019). Master of Theology Theses. 25. https://digitalcommons.luthersem.edu/mth_theses/25 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Theology Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Luther Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. APOSTOLICAM ECCLESIAM: SOCIO-LITURGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE’S “ANTICHRIST” by SEBASTIAN RYSZARD MADEJSKI A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Luther Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY THESIS ADVISER: PROF. DR. DIRK G. LANGE ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Content ........................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................... vi Part I ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. SOCIO-THEOLOGICAL APPROACH .................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................ 5 2. APOSTLESHIP OF PAUL ........................................................................................ 5 1.0. Introduction ................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Apostolic Mission of Paul ........................................................................... 5 1.2. Crystalizing of Kerygma ............................................................................. 9 1.3. Paul’s Inclusive Theology......................................................................... 11 1.4. Paul’s Self-identity as Apostle .................................................................. 13 1.5. Summary .................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 16 3. LUTHER’S ADAPTIVE THEOLOGY ................................................................... 16 2.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 16 2.1. Crisis of the Apostolicity in the Late Middle Ages .................................... 16 2. 2. Luther’s Doctrine on Justification ............................................................ 18 2.3. Luther’s Ecclesiology ............................................................................... 19 2.4. Problem of Exclusivity ............................................................................. 20 2.5. Summary .................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................... 24 4. NIETZSCHE’S CRITIQUE OF CHRISTIANITY ................................................... 24 3.1. Why Nietzsche? ........................................................................................ 24 3.2. German Society in the 19th Century and the Life of Friedrich Nietzsche ... 25 ii 3.3. Nietzsche’s Critique of the Kerygma ........................................................ 27 3.5. The Revaluation of All Values .................................................................. 28 3.6. Christ and Anti-Christ .............................................................................. 30 3.7. Summary .................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 4 ...................................................................................................................... 34 5. RELIGION AND ITS PLAUSIBILITY .................................................................. 34 4.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 34 4.1. The Process of Secularization ................................................................... 34 4.2. Church as a Social Structure ..................................................................... 37 4.3. The Problem of Mystery in Christian Mass ............................................... 39 4.4. The Loss of Plausibility ............................................................................ 40 4.5. Summary .................................................................................................. 42 Part II ............................................................................................................................ 45 6. LITURGICAL APPROACH ................................................................................... 45 Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................... 45 7. LITURGICAL THEOLOGY OF APOSTLE PAUL ................................................ 45 1.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 45 1.1. Greek Religion, Liturgy and Mysteries ..................................................... 46 1.2. Inclusivity and Its Opponents ................................................................... 48 1.3. The Sign of Apostleship—Christian Worship ........................................... 49 1.4. The Role of Women at the Assembly in Corinth ....................................... 51 Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 55 8. MARTIN LUTHER’S REFORM OF THE LITURGY ............................................ 55 2.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 55 2.1. Liturgy in the Middle Ages ....................................................................... 55 2.2. Preaching of God’s Word ......................................................................... 56 2.3. Communion of Saints ............................................................................... 58 2.4. Reform of Mass ........................................................................................ 60 Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................... 65 iii 9. NIETZSCHE’S CRITIQUE OF CHRISTIAN LITURGY ....................................... 65 3.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 65 3.1. The Research on Mystery Cults in 19th Century ........................................ 66 3.2. Nietzsche’s Critique of the Ministry ......................................................... 67 3.3. Nietzsche’s Critique of Sacrifice and Eucharist ......................................... 69 3.4. Summary .................................................................................................. 71 PART III ....................................................................................................................... 73 10. ECUMENICAL APPROACH ................................................................................. 73 Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................... 73 11. ROMAN CATHOLIC REFLECTION ON MYSTERY AND LITURGY— STRUCTURAL APPROACH ....................................................................................... 73 1.0. Introduction .............................................................................................. 73 1.1. Catholicism in the the19th Century ........................................................... 74 1.2. Odo Casel’s Theology of Mystery ............................................................ 75 1.3. Louis Bouyer’s Contribution .................................................................... 78 1.4. Romano Guardini’s Liturgical Reflection ................................................. 82 1.5. Summary .................................................................................................. 84 Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 87 12. LITURGICAL FORMS AND CHRISTIAN DOGMA—POST-STRUCTURAL LUTHERAN APPROACH ..........................................................................................