PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ALIENATION AS THE RESULT OF SOCIAL DISPARITIES SEEN FROM RAM MOHAMMAD THOMAS’S CHARACTER IN VIKAS SWARUP’S SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE (Q & A) AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra in English Letter By INDRIANI RETNO PALUPI Student number: 044214083 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY 2011 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI Kantan ni ikanai kara ikiteyukeru (Since things aren’t easy, that’s why I can live) ~Yui Yoshioka This undergraduate thesis is dedicated to My late Dad, my beloved Mom, A. Indarto, B. Indrawan, and my beloved man, Johan. Thank you for your supports, patience and love…… iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the very first place, I would like to thank and praise my Lord, Jesus Christ, for His blessing, guidance and miracles in finishing this thesis. I would be nothing without Him. I send my gratitude to my advisor, Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S. S., M.Hum for her valuable guidance, time, contributions, ideas, help, patience, and SMS during my undergraduate thesis writing. My deepest appreciation goes to my co- advisor, Dr. F. X. Siswadi, M. A. for his suggestions and correction that help me improving this writing. I am also indebted to my examiner, Tatang Iskarna, S. S., M. Hum who gave me questions and critics for the sake of my work. To my Mom, M. Th. Masita, I can hardly find the right words to thank you. Your unlimited love, supports and prays make me strong in this upside down life. To my brothers, Mas Datong and Mas Wawang, you are rock, guys! To my beloved F. X. Johan Wisnu Indrianto, I really thank you for all the things you have done for me in finishing this thesis. I love you. And to my twin sister, Ririto Hikari, I am thankful for all her supports in the very bad times. My gratitude also goes to my best friends, Shinta and Rio who always encourage me in every single day. I also would like to thank my hilarious friends in Menur 15; Loi, Nophe, Poetri, Nina, Efin and Esther. I thank them for all incredible times in boarding house. My special appreciation goes to my friend, Rahul Gaikwad, in Spicer Memorial College in Pune, India who has helped me much in translating and understanding the Indian words in the novel. I owe so much to you, Sunny. Finally yet importantly, I thank all the people in English Department; the lectures, the secretariat staffs, and the friends for all the helps have been given to me. I also thank others whose names cannot be mentioned one by one. Indriani Retno Palupi vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………... i APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………….. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE………………………………………………….... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………… iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI……………. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......………………………………………….. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………. vii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….. ix INTISARI…………………………………………………………………. x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………... 1 A. Background of the Study………………………………….......... 1 B. Problem Formulation……………………………………………. 5 C. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………. 5 D. Definition of Terms……………………………………………... 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW……………………………. 8 A. Review of Related Studies……………………………………… 8 B. Review of Related Theories…………………………………….. 10 1. Theory of Character and Characterization………………… 10 2. Theory of Literature and Society………………………….. 13 3. Theory of Alienation………………………………………. 14 3.1. Qualities of an Alienated Person…………………....... 15 3.2. Kinds of Alienation…………………………………… 16 3.2.1. Man‟s Alienation to Himself…………………… 16 3.2.2. Man‟s Alienation to Other People and to His Community…………………………………...... 17 3.3. Trigger Factors of Alienation…………………………. 17 4. Theory of Social Class…………………………………….. 19 C. Review on India‟s Economic and Social Condition in the Late of 21st Century………………………….………………………. 19 1. Review on India‟s Social Condition in the Late of 21st Century…………………………………………………..….. 20 2. Review on India‟s Economic Condition in the Late of 21st Century……………………………………………………… 21 D. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………. 22 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………... 24 A. Object of the Study……………………………………………… 24 B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………... 25 C. Method of the Study…………………………………………….. 26 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS………………………………………………. 28 vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI A. The Depiction of Ram Mohammad Thomas in Vikas Swarup‟s Slumdog Millionaire (Q&A)…………………………………….. 28 B. Social Disparity in India‟s Society in Vikas Swarup‟s Slumdog Millionaire (Q&A) through Ram Mohammad Thomas………………………………………………………….. 37 C. Alienation as the Result of Social Disparity Seen from Ram Mohammad Thomas…………………………………………….. 45 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………………………………………….. 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… 61 APENDIX…………………………………………………………………. 64 viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI ABSTRACT INDRIANI RETNO PALUPI. Alienation as the Result of Social Disparities Seen from Ram Mohammad Thomas’s Character in Vikas Swarup’s Slumdog Millionaire (Q&A). Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2011. This thesis discusses Vikas Swarup‟s novel entitled Slumdog Millionaire, originally published as Q&A. The writer analyzes the alienation that is undergone by the main character in the novel, Ram Mohammad Thomas which is caused by the social disparity that happens in India‟s late 21st century. The stratification rooted from the application of caste-system in India at that time results in social disparity among classes of society that trigger alienation. To analyze this thesis, three problems are formulated. The first problem is to identify the qualities and the characteristic of the main character. The second problem is to find out the alienation caused by social disparity seen from the social and economic condition in India‟s late 21st century. The last one is to reveal the effects of social disparity toward the main character. The writer employs the sociocultural-historical approach to conduct this study. The library research method is applied in this study. The Theory of Character and Characterization, Theory of Relation between Literature and Society, theory of Alienation, Theory of Social Class and the review on India‟s Economic and Social Condition in the late of 21st century are needed to answer the problems. The result of the study shows that the caste-based stratifications—lower, middle and upper—bring the sense of social disparity. Alienation occurs among the social class, especially between the upper class and the lower class. The people from lower class of society are underestimated by the people from the upper class. Therefore, the main character in the novel undergoes the alienation from himself, other people, and the society. The alienation that is experienced by the main character brings some changes to his way of life and point of view of thinking. In this case, Ram Mohammad Thomas becomes an individual who craves for acceptance and conformity, depends on the approval of others, and lacks selfhood. Furthermore, he also feels lonely and he has so much guilty feeling. ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKANMERUPAKAN TINDAKANTINDAKAN TIDAKTIDAK TERPUJITERPUJI INTISARI INDRIANI RETNO PALUPI. Alienation as the Result of Social Disparities Seen from Ram Mohammad Thomas’s Character in Vikas Swarup’s Slumdog Millionaire (Q&A). Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2011. Skripsi ini mengkaji novel Vikas Swarup yang berjudul Slumdog Millionaire, yang terbitkan secara resmi dengan judul Q&A. Penulis menganalisis keterasingan yang dialami oleh tokoh utama di dalam novel, Ram Mohammad Thomas, yang disebabkan oleh adanya kesenjangan sosial yang terjadi di India pada periode akhir abad ke 21. Pembagian kelas sosial masyarakat yang timbul dari adanya penerapan sistem kasta di India pada saat itu menimbulkan adanya kesenjangan sosial diantara masyarakat sehingga memicu terjadinya keterasingan. Terdapat tiga masalah yang dirumuskan dalam skripsi ini. Masalah pertama adalah analisis mengenai kualitas dan karakteristik dari tokoh utama. Masalah kedua dirumuskan untuk mengetahui keterasingan yang disebabkan oleh kesenjangan sosial dilihat dari kondisi sosial dan ekonomi India pada tahun periode akhir abad ke 21. Permasalahan terakhir dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesenjangan sosial terhadap tokoh utama. Dalam sripsi ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosial budaya dan sejarah. Metode kepustakaan digunakan untuk memperoleh data. Untuk menganalisis skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan teori karakter dan perwatakan, teori hubungan antara literatur dan masyarakat, teori alienasi, teori pembagian kelas, serta gambaran mengenai kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat India pada periode akhir abad ke 21. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pembagian kelas sosial masyarakat berdasarkan sistem kasta menjadi kelas atas, menengah dan bawah menyebabkan kesenjangan