PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK 57th Edition April 2006 published by American Public Transportation Association Howard Silver, Chair Michael S. Townes, First Vice Chair Paul P. Skoutelas, Secretary-Treasurer Richard A. White, Immediate Past Chair Vice Chairs Allen D. Biehler, P.E. Kim R. Green Gary W. McNeil Christopher P. Boylan John M. Inglish Jeffrey A. Nelson Mattie P. Carter Jeanne Krieg David L. Turney Michael P. DePallo William D. Lochte Kathryn D. Waters Fred M. Gilliam President William W. Millar Chief of Staff Karol J. Popkin Vice Presidents Pamela L. Boswell Daniel Duff C. Samuel Kerns Anthony M. Kouneski Rosemary Sheridan produced by Member Services Department Information Services Group Larry H. Pham, Ph.D. Chief Economist and Director - Information Services prepared by: Damian Danchenko Statistical Analyst/Programmer i American Public Transportation Association 1666 K Street, N.W., Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20006 TELEPHONE: (202) 496-4800 FAX: (202) 496-4326 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.apta.com PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK April 2006 International Standard Book Number: 1-931594-21-X About APTA APTA is a nonprofit international association of over 1,500 public and private member organizations including transit systems and commuter rail operators; planning, design, construction and finance firms; product and service providers; academic institutions, transit associations and state departments of transportation. APTA members serve the public interest by providing safe, efficient and economical transit services and products. Over ninety percent of persons using public transportation in the United States and Canada are served by APTA members. APTA Vision Statement Be the leading force in advancing public transportation. APTA Mission Statement APTA serves and leads its diverse membership through advocacy, innovation, and information sharing to strengthen and expand public transportation. ii Contents For an alphabetical list of subjects, refer to the index beginning on page 91. NOTES iv LIST OF TABLES v PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW vii INTRODUCTION & GENERAL INFORMATION Federal Legislation 1 History 6 National Summary 8 NATIONAL SERVICE & OPERATING DATA Passengers 11 Service Operated 15 Vehicles 17 Employees 20 Energy and Environment 23 Safety 26 NATIONAL FINANCIAL DATA Capital Expenses 29 Capital Funding 32 Operating Expenses 35 Operating Funding 38 MODE DATA Bus and Trolleybus National Total Data 42 Transit Agency Data 49 Paratransit National Total Data 54 Transit Agency Data 57 Ferryboat National Total Data 61 Transit Agency Data 64 Rail National Total Data 65 Transit Agency Data 75 Vanpool National Total Data 82 Transit Agency Data 85 CANADIAN DATA 87 RESOURCES 90 INDEX 91 iii Notes The Public Transportation Fact Book (formerly the Transit Fact Book) was first published in 1943. Available data are expanded by standard statistical methods to estimate U.S. national totals. All data are for the U.S. only, except for the section on Canada. Data for Canada were provided by the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA). This book includes only public transportation data and excludes taxicab, unregulated jitney, school, sightseeing, intercity, charter, military, and non-public service (e.g., governmental and corporate shuttles), and special application systems (e.g., amusement parks, airports, and the following types of ferry service: international, rural, rural interstate, island and urban park). Data are based on the annual National Transit Database (NTD) report published by the United States Government's Federal Transit Administration (FTA). APTA supplements these data with special surveys. Where applicable, data are calculated based on 2000 U.S. Census Bureau urbanized area population categories. Because data are reported to the NTD based on transit agency fiscal years rather than calendar years, data listed for a particular year are necessarily extrapolations of the sum of data reported for all fiscal years ending in a particular calendar year. All Canadian data are based on calendar years. Federal government funding data are based on reports prepared by the United States Department of Transportation. Because of the time required to compile the large amount of data for this book, data for the last fiscal year reported are preliminary and will be refined when additional data become available. Additional data and updated charts and tables can be found online at http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ iv SAFETY List of Tables 31. Fatality Rates by Mode of Travel, 2001-2003 27 32. Fatalities by Mode 27 INTRODUCTION 33. Total Injuries by Mode 27 34. Personal Casualty Injuries by Mode 28 HISTORY 35. Collisions by Mode 28 1. Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History 7 36. Property Damage by Mode 28 NATIONAL SUMMARY 2. Number of Public Transportation Service FINANCIAL DATA Providers by Mode 8 CAPITAL EXPENSES 3. National Totals, Fiscal Year 2004 9 37. Capital Expense by Mode 31 4. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by 38. Capital Expense by Type 31 Unlinked Passenger Trips, Fiscal Year 2004 10 39. Capital Expense by Mode and Type, Fiscal 5. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by Year 2004 31 Passenger Miles, Fiscal Year 2004 10 CAPITAL FUNDING SERVICE AND OPERATING DATA 40. Capital Funding Sources 32 PASSENGERS 41. Federal Public Transportation Appropriations, 6. Major Trends of Public Transportation Ridership12 Fiscal Years 2000-2006 33 7. Unlinked Passenger Trips by Mode 12 42. Federal Capital and Planning Grant Approvals 8. Average Weekday Unlinked Passenger Trips by Use 33 by Mode, 2004 13 43. Federal Capital and Planning Grant Approvals 9. Average Unlinked Trip Length by Mode, 2004 13 by Source Program 34 10. Passenger Miles by Mode 13 44. Flexible Highway Funds Transferred to Public 11. Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips and Transportation 34 Passenger Miles for Urbanized Areas Over 45. Average Annual Capital Cost to Improve Public 1,000,000 Population, Fiscal Year 2004 14 Transportation Physical Conditions and Service Performance, 2001-2020 34 SERVICE OPERATED 12. Vehicle Miles Operated by Mode 16 OPERATING EXPENSES 13. Vehicle Hours Operated by Mode 16 46. Operating Expense by Function Class 36 14. Average Vehicle Speed in Revenue Service 47. Operating Expense by Object Class 37 by Mode, 2004 16 48. Operating Expense by Mode 37 15. Vehicle Revenue Miles and Vehicle Revenue Hours by Mode, 2004 16 OPERATING FUNDING 49. Average Passenger Fare Per Unlinked VEHICLES Passenger Trip by Mode, Fiscal Year 2004 39 16. Average Vehicle Age by Mode, 2006 17 50. Operating Funding Sources 39 17. Average Vehicle Length by Mode, 2006 17 51. Passenger Fares by Mode 40 18. Revenue Vehicles by Mode 18 52. Passenger Fares Summary 40 19. Alternative Power Vehicles by Mode, 2006 18 53. Examples of Cost of Riding Public 20. Accessible Vehicles by Mode, 2006 18 Transportation 41 21. Revenue Vehicle Power Sources, 2006 19 54. Automobile Driving Costs, 2005 41 22. New Passenger Vehicles Delivered by Mode 19 EMPLOYEES MODE DATA 23. Operating Employees by Mode 21 BUS AND TROLLEYBUS 24. Employees by Function 21 NATIONAL TOTAL DATA 25. Employee Compensation 22 55. Bus and Trolleybus National Totals, Fiscal Year 2004 43 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 56. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Type, 26. Electric Power Consumption by Mode 24 2005-2010 45 27. Fossil Fuel Consumption by Mode 24 57. Bus Power Sources 46 28. Non-diesel Fossil Fuel Consumption by Fuel 25 58. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Power 29. Examples of Fuel Savings to a Person Source, 2005-2010 46 Commuting to Work on Public Transportation 25 59. Bus and Trolleybus Fuel and Power 30. Major Power Source Efficiency 25 Consumption 46 60. Bus and Trolleybus Accessibility, 2006 47 61. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Accessibility, 2005-2010 47 v TRANSIT AGENCY DATA 89. Rail Route Mileage and Status of Future 62. 20 Largest Bus and Trolleybus Agencies Projects 74 Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips, 90. Rail Routes Under Construction 74 Fiscal Year 2004 49 91. Rail Track Miles by Type 74 63. 20 Largest Bus and Trolleybus Agencies 92. Airports with Direct Rail Public Transportation Ranked by Passenger Miles, Access 75 Fiscal Year 2004 50 TRANSIT AGENCY DATA 64. 100 Largest Bus and Trolleybus Agency 93. Commuter Rail Transit Agencies Service Service and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2004 50 and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2004 75 65. 100 Largest Bus and Trolleybus Agency 94. Commuter Rail Transit Agencies Mileage Vehicle and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 52 and Station Data 76 95. Commuter Rail Transit Agencies Vehicle PARATRANSIT and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 76 NATIONAL TOTAL DATA 96. Heavy Rail Transit Agencies Service 66. Paratransit National Totals, Fiscal Year 2004 55 and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2004 77 67. New Paratransit Vehicle Market 97. Heavy Rail Transit Agencies Mileage by Type, 2005-2010 55 and Station Data 77 68. New Paratransit Vehicle Market by 98. Heavy Rail Transit Agencies Vehicle Power Source, 2005-2010 56 and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 78 69. Paratransit Fuel Consumption 56 99. Light Rail Transit Agencies Service 70. Paratransit Accessibility, 2004 57 and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2004 78 71. New Paratransit Vehicle Market by Accessibility, 100. Light Rail Transit Agencies Mileage 2005-2010 57 and Station Data 79 TRANSIT AGENCY DATA 101. Light Rail Transit Agencies Vehicle 72. 20 Largest Paratransit Transit Agencies and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 79 Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips, Fiscal 102. Other Rail Transit Agencies Service Year 2004 57 and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2004 80 73. 20 Largest Paratransit Transit Agencies 103. Other Rail Transit Agencies Mileage Ranked by Passenger Miles, Fiscal Year 2004 58 and Station Data 80 74. 75 Largest Paratransit Agencies Service and Usage 104. Other Rail Transit Agencies Vehicle Data, Fiscal Year 2004 58 and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 81 75. 75 Largest Paratransit Agencies Vehicle and Financial Data, Fiscal Year 2004 59 VANPOOL NATIONAL TOTAL DATA FERRYBOAT 105. Vanpool National Totals, Fiscal Year 2004 83 NATIONAL TOTAL DATA 106.