s^%. aVs*^-^^ :^\-'"^;v^'^v ..-Jy^^ ..- 'A S "00^ X^^.. * ti. •/-- * •) O \V 1 ^ -V n „ S V ft /. ^ 'f ^^. "'TV^^ .x\ ^ s? HISTORY O F MAKYLAND; FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT IN 1634, YEAR 1848. BY JAMES McS KERRY SECOND EDITION, RF.VISED AND CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR. BALTIMORE: PRINTED AND tUULISHED BYJOHN MURPHY, No. 178 Market Street. 80LD.B7 BOOKSELLERS GENERALLT MDCCC;CLIX. } / d Entered, according to the act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, by John Murphy, in the clerk's office of the District Court of Maryland. JOHN MURPHY, Printer, Baltimore. WM. H. HOPE, Stereotyper. YOUTH OF MARYLAND, /"C'^^THIS B O O K ,r^:^^=p-\ IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, \^C-;^^ IN THE HOPE, ^^^j^^ THAT ITS PERUSAL MAY IMPRESS UPON THEIR MINDS ^S^* ^^isforg of i^nv ^^«*tbe ^^'f<tf<, STRENGTHEN THAT DUTIFUL AND PATRIOTIC LOVE -WHICH THEY OWE IT, AND INDUCE THEM TO ADMIRE AND IMITATE THE VIRTUE, THE VALOUR, AND THE LIBERALITY, THEIR FOREFATHERS. — PREFACE. In this work the author has endeavored to compress together, in a popular form, such events in the history of Maryhmd as would interest the general reader, and to give a simple narration of the settlement of the colony; its rise and progress ; its troubles and revolutions ; as well as the long periods of peace and serenity, which beautified its early days : —to picture the beginning, the progress, and the happy conclusion of the war of independence—the forti- tude and valor of the sons of Maryland upon the field, and their wisdom in council. He has, therefore, dwelt upon those portions of the revolutionary battles, alone, in which they bore a conspicuous part. From the close of that war, and the adoption of the constitution of the United States, mingling and identifying the most important parts of the history of the State, with that of the nation—he has only attempted to sketch out a few of the results, which have denoted its progress and prosperity, avoiding care- fully, as unsuited to the object of his labors, the strifes and contentions of parties, however interesting a portion of its political history they may present. In conclusion, he tenders his acknowledgements to the president and other officers and members of the Maryland Historical Society, for the uniform kindness with which they have at all times afforded him access to their archives, and facilitated his researches among their valuable collec- tions. Frederick, Janiianj 1, 1849. » CONTENTS. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. Paje. Discovery of America '3 Difference in Character of the People of English and Spanish America '} Sebastian Cabot discovers North America 15 He touches on Maryland 13 '^ Verazzini passes the mouth of the Chesapeake 16 The English attempt to colonize North America Ifi London and Plymouth Companies 16 Virginia Settled 17 >Capt. John Smith Explores the Chesapeake 18 ' Second and third Charters of the Virginia Company 20 Charters forfeited * 21 Sir George Calvert 21 Prepares to Found Maryland 22 His Death 24 The Charter Issues to his Son Cecilius. .. 24 CHAPTER I. THE SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND. The First Colony sails from England 26 Dangers of the Voyage 27 Landing at St. Clement's 30 Exploration of the Potomac 31 Leonard Calvert's Treaty with the Indians 32 The Founding of St. Mary's 32 The Indians of St. Mary's 34 CHAPTER II. claiboene's first rebellion. Colony visited by Governor Harvey of Virginia 38 Claiborne's claims to Kent Island, &c 39 His Rebellion and Defeat on the Pocomoke 40 His Flight -11 First (ieneral Assembly of Maryland 41 Conditions of Plantations 41 ' The Isle of Kent 42 The Second General Assembly 42 Its Constitution 43 Dispute with Proprietary concerning the framing of Laws 44 Trial of one of the Rebels 44 End of the Rebellion 45 The Missionaries among the Indians 46 Baptism of Tayac 49 Indian Wars 51 Settlement on the Schuylkill 54 Third General Assembly 54 Town House and Water JVlill built 56 Till CONTENTS CHAPTER III. Claiborne's and ingle's rebellion. p Success of Parliament over the King in England 57 Its Effects in Maryland 57 Claiborne's and Ingle's Rebellion 57 Governor Calvert takes refuge in Virginia 59 The Rebels subdued and order restored 60 Death of Leonard Calvert, first Governor of Maryland 61 Thomas Green, Governor 62 Liberty of Conscience 6-4 The Puritans received in the Province 6S " Reduction of Maryland 70 Troubles with the Indians 71 Lord Baltimore attempts to recover the Province 72 Battle at Providence 75 Execution of the Prisoners by the Puritans 76 Restoration of the Province 79 Fendal's Rebellion 80 CHAPTER IV. THE PROTESTANT REVOLUTION. Peace and Prosperity 81 Population —New Counties— Cities 82 Negro Slaves 85 '• Tobacco Trade 87 The Friends 88 • Seneca Indians infest the Frontier 89 • Expedition under Major Trueman 90 Complaints against the Proprietary Government 91 Support for Episcopal Clergymen i 92 Edward Husband's case —Feudal and Coode 92 Hostility of the Crown to the Province 93 Protestant Revolution , 93 Convention of the Associators in arms 95 First Royal Governor 95 Catholics Disfranchised and Episcopal Church established by law 95 Contest with the Proprietary . 97 Removal of the Government from St. Mary's to Annapolis 93 Downfaliyof St. Mary's 98 The French Wars—Crown Requisitions 100 Attempts to Repeal the Charter 102 Effects of the Royal Administration 103 Intolerance of the Peopte. 105 CHAPTER V. RESTORATION OF THE PROVINCE. Struggles of Democracy 106 Relations with the Indians 108 Internal Improvements 110 Growth of Annapolis—Baltimore—Frederick Ill Georgetown .' Il2t^ Military Affairs 112 Governors under the Restoration 114 New Counties 114 Population — Manufactures 115 CONTENTS. ix Page. Schools and Churches 117 Currencj' 117 ,, Boundary Disputes with Virginia 118f With Dnlaware and Pennsylvania 120 With Virginia on the West 124 CHAPTER VI. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. The last of the Lords Baltimore 127- The French and Indian War 127 Cone;ress at Albany 128 Capture of Washington at Little Meadows 12S Maryland takes part in the War 12S Gov. Sharpe commander-in-chief of forces on the Ohio 130 Braddock's Defeat Uj3 Its Consequences— Inroads of the Savages 134 Militia and Volunteers assemble on the Frontiers l.'5.5 Panic of the Inhabitants , 135 Fort Cumberland— Di.sputes as to its Command 136 Preparations for a Second Expedition 138 Defence of the Frontiers—Fort Frederick 139 New Inroads of the Savages 140 March of General Forbes 14-5 Grant's Defeat 14{j Fight at Loyal Manning 148 Capture of Fort Duquesne and close of the War 150 CHAPTER VII. THE DAYS BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. The Rights of the People 150 The Stamp Act— Resistance to it in Maryland 151 Zachariah Hood, the Stamp Collector, driven from the Province.. 1.53 Protest of the Assembly 1.5.5 Daniel Dulany 1.56 Congress of Deputies from the Colonies 157 Firmness of the House of Delegates and the people l.")7 The Stamp Act declared unconstitutional 161 Its Repeal 162 Compliment to Chatham and Camden 163 Duty on Tea— ()pi)osition of Maryland 164 Non-importation Societies 166 The Proclamation and the Vestry Acts 168 Charles Carroll of Carrotlton and Daniel Dulany 170 Revival of the Tax upon Tea 173 The Maryland Convention 173 Tea-burning at Annapolis 174 Second Maryland Convention—the last Proprietary 176 Retrospect 177 CHAPTER VIII. THE REVOLUTION. Unanimity of the People of Maryland 180 Preparations for War 181 Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill 182 Association of the Fiecmen of Maryland 185 Rifle Companies raised and sent to Boston 186 . X CONTENTS. Paga. Regular Troops—Colonel Small wood 186 Material of War—Efforts to Supply it 187 Lord Dunmore— Conolly's scheme 188 Dunmore's Intrigues on the Eastern Shore 189 The British sloop Otter in the Chesapeake 191 Gov. Eden compelled to leave the Province 192 The Declaration of Independence 194 Maryland Troops ordered to join Washington 197 CHAPTER IX THE BATTLES OF THE OLD MARYLAND LINE. Brooklyn Heights 199 Retreat from Long Island and New York 203 The Heights of Harlaem 204 White Plains 205 Storming of Fort Washington 208 Trenton 211 Princeton 212 CHAPTER X. THE NEW CONSTITUTION AND STATE GOVERNMENT. Convention to form the Constitution organizes 215 New Counties formed. 215 Reorganization of the Line 216 Bill of Rights and Constitution adopted 217 Contest with Virginia 217 Form of Government, Legislative, Executive, Judiciary 218 Progress of Maryland 220 The first State Legislature 222 The first State Governor 224 Exertions to Sustain the War 225 CHAPTER XI. CAMPAIGN OF 1777. Enemy in the Chesapeake 226 Attack on Staten Island 227 Battle of the Brandywine 229 Defeat of Wayne and Smallwood's Militia 231 Battle of Germantown 232 Defence of Fort Mifflin 236 Gist's Militia Skirmish with the Enemy 237 Maryland Line winter at Wilmington 238 Alliance with France 239 CHAPTER XII. '78 AND '79. Active measures to fill the State's quota of troops 240 Tories—measures to repress them 241 Dispute,:! between the House and Senate 242 Court of Appeals appointed 243 Claims to the Western Lands 244 Campaign of 1778 244 Battle of Monmouth 245 Maryland Line in New Jersey 248 Campaign of 1779 249 CONTENTS. XI CHAPTER XTII. INTERNAL AFFAIRS. p Condition of the State 251 State Marine —Reduced 252 Bills of Credit —their Depreciation 253 Provision for the Army 254 Non jurors — Mr. Chase charges a Senator with toryism 256 Naturalization of Forei2;ners 257 Second Governor of the State 23S Paper Money— its Depreciation 259 Confiscation of the Estates of the Disafi"ected 259 The Confederation 262 Maryland insists on her claims to the Public Lands 263 Succeeds — Confederation Ratified 264 The Articles of Confederation 265 CHAPTER XIV.