The First Urban Churches 3 Ephesus Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplements THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS WRITINGS FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN WORLD SUPPLEMENT SERIES Clare K. Rothschild, General Editor Number 9 THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn Atlanta Copyright © 2018 by SBL Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data First urban churches / edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn. volumes cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature. Writings from the Greco-Roman world Supplement series ; Number 7) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: 1. Methodological foundations. ISBN 978-1-62837-102-4 (v. 1 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-62837-104-8 (v. 1 : ebook) — ISBN 978-1-62837-103-1 (v. 1 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-111-2 (v. 2 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-112-9 (v. 2 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-113-6 (v. 2 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-234-8 (v. 3 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-235-5 (v. 3 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-236-2 (v. 3 : hardcover : alk. paper) 1. City churches. 2. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600. 3. Cities and towns—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Harrison, James R., 1952– editor. BV637.F57 2015 270.109173'2—dc23 2015021858 Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................vii An Epigraphic Portrait of Ephesus and Its Villages James R. Harrison ......................................................................................1 An Ephesian Tale: Mystery Cults, Reverse Theological Engineering, and the Triumph of Christianity in Ephesus Guy MacLean Rogers ...............................................................................69 The Jewish Community in Ephesus and Its Interaction with Christ-Believers in the First Century CE and Beyond Paul Trebilco .............................................................................................93 Acclaiming Artemis in Ephesus: Political Theologies in Acts 19 Bradley J. Bitner ......................................................................................127 The Gladiator Graveyard of Ephesus as Evidence for the Study of Martyrdom Mikael Haxby ..........................................................................................171 Ἐκκλησία in Ephesians as Godlike in the Heavens, in Temple, in γάμος, and in Armor: Ideology and Iconography in Ephesus and Its Environs Fredrick J. Long ......................................................................................193 From Zeus or by Endoios? Acts 19:35 as a Peculiar Assessment of the Ephesian Artemis Stephan Witetschek ................................................................................235 vi Contents Ephesian Cultic Officials, Their Benefactors, and the Quest for Civic Virtue: Paul’s Alternative Quest for Status in the Epistle to the Ephesians James R. Harrison ..................................................................................253 Ephesus and the Numismatic Background to νεωκόρος Michael P. Theophilos ............................................................................299 Contributors ...................................................................................................333 Primary Sources Index .................................................................................337 Modern Authors Index .................................................................................355 Abbreviations Primary Sources 1 Apol. Justin, Apologia 1 1 Macc 1 Maccabees 1QM War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk 2 Bar. 2 Baruch Ad Aen. Servius, Ad Aeneid Agalm. Porphyry, Peri agalmatōn Ag. Ap. Josephus, Against Apion Ann. Tacitus, Annales Ant. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities Anth. Gr. Anthologia Graeca Ant. rom Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates romanae Apoc. Sedr. Apocalypse of Sedrach Apol. Lucian, Apologia Ars Horace, Ars poetica Astr. Manilius, Astronomica Aug. Seneca, Divus augusta; Suetonius, Divus Augustus Bel Bel and the Dragon Ben. Seneca, De beneficiis Car. Historia Augusta, Caracalla Carm. Catullus, Carmina Clem. Seneca, De clementia Comp. Galen, De comparanda medicina Conc. Apam. Dio Chrysostom, De Concordia cum Apamensibus (Or. 40) Dei cogn. Dio Chrysostom, De dei cognition (Or. 12) Deipn. Athenaeus, Deipnosophistai Descr. Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio -vii- viii Abbreviations Diatr. Musonius Rufus, Diatribai Diogn. Diognetus Ep. Martial, Epigrams; Seneca, Epistulae morales Eph. Ignatius, Letter to the Ephesians Epict. diss. Arrian, Epicteti dissertationes Fug. Philo, De fuga et inventione Geog. Dionysius Periegetes, Geographical Description of the Inhabited World; Strabo, Geographica Geor. Vergil, Georgica Hist. Livy, Historia Romae Hist. Alex. Q. Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni Mace- donensis Hist. Aug. Historia Augusta Hist. eccl. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica Hist. rom. Cassius Dio, Historia Romana; Velleius, Historia Romana Hom. Act. John Chrysostom, Homiliae in Acta apostolorum Inst. Quintilian, Institutio oratoria Iph. taur. Euripides, Iphigenia taurica J.W. Josephus, Jewish War Leg. Athenagoras, Legatio pro Christianis; Cicero, De leg- ibus Legat. Philo, Legatio ad Gaium Leuc. Clit. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe et Clitophon Ling. Varro, De lingua latina LXX Septuagint Magn. Ignatius, Letter to the Magnesians Mart. Tertullian, Ad martyras Mart. Pol. Martyrdom of Polycarp Metam. Apuleius, Metamorphoses; Ovid, Metamorphoses Mos. Philo, De vita Mosis MT Masoretic Text Nat. Pliny, Naturalis historia Nat. d. Cicero, De natura deorum Onom. Julius Pollux, Onomasticon Or. Dio Chrysostom, Orationes Peregr. Lucian, De morte peregrini Pers. Aeschylus, Persae Phld. Ignatius, Letter to the Philadelphians Abbreviations ix Praem Philo, De praemiis et poenis Praep. ev. Praeparatio evangelica Ps. Sol Psalms of Solomon QG Questions and Answers on Genesis Rep. Cicero, De republica Rhod. Dio Chrysostom, Rhodiaca (Or. 31) Sat. Horace, Satirae; Persius, Satirae Satyr. Petronius, Satyricon Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles Spec. Philo, De specialibus legibus Spect. Tertullian, De spectaculis Stoic. rep. Plutarch, De Stoicorum repugnantiis Strat. Polyaenus, Stratagemata T. Benj. Testament of Benjamin T. Job Testament of Job Theb. Statius, Thebaid Tib. Suetonius, Tiberius Tob Tobit Tranq. Seneca, De tranquillitate animi Troph. dyn. Galen, Peri trophon dynameos Tu. san. Plutarch, De tuenda sanitate praecepta Vesp. Aristophanes, Vespae Vit. beat. Seneca, De vita beata Wis Wisdom of Solomon Secondary Sources AAMS Advances in Archaeological and Museum Science AB Anchor Bible ABD Freedman, David Noel, ed. Anchor Bible Dictionary. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992. AC L’antiquité classique ACS American Classical Studies ADRA Association pour la diffusion de la recherche sur l’Antiquité AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristientums AGROS Accessible Greek Resources and Online Studies AIIN Annali dell'Istituto Italiano di Numismatica x Abbreviations AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity AK Archiv für Kulturgeschichte ANF Roberts, Alexander, and James Donaldson. The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. 10 vols. Buffalo: Christian Literature, 1885–1887. ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Part 2, Principat. Edited by Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972–. ANSMN American Numismatic Society Museum Notes Antichthon Antichthon: Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies AÖAWPH Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis- senschaften—philosophisch-historischen Klasse APSP American Philosophical Society Proceedings AR Archiv für Religionswissenschaft Arch Archaeology ASV American Standard Version AZGKJ Aschkenas: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Juden BA Biblical Archaeologist BAGD Bauer, Walter, William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellénique BDAG Danker, Frederick W., Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDF Blass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Abbreviations xi W. Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BEFAR Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome BEHEH Bibliothèque de l’École des hautes études, ive section: Sciences historiques et philologiques BerMatÖAI