Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information continuity and change in the native american village Two common questions asked in archaeological investigations are: Where did a particular culture come from and which living cultures is it related to? In this book, Cook brings a theoretically and methodologically holistic perspective to his study on the origins and continuity of Native American villages in the North American midcontinent. He shows that to affiliate archaeological remains with descendant communities, we may often need to unaffiliate some of our well-established arch- aeological constructs. Cook demonstrates how and why Native American villages formed and responded to events such as migration, environmental change, and subsistence shifts. He focuses on the big picture of cultural relatedness over broad regions and the amount of social detail that can be gleaned from combining archaeological, biological, cultural, and historical data sets. Robert A. Cook is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at The Ohio State University. He has been actively engaged in archaeological research for twenty-five years and is the author of SunWatch: Fort Ancient Development in the Mississippian World along with dozens of journal articles and book chapters. The Ohio State University Newark has honored him with two Scholarly Accomplishment Awards and a Mentoring of Undergraduate Research Award. Many of his research findings have also been featured in various newspaper and magazine articles. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information continuity and change in the native american village Multicultural Origins and Descendants of the Fort Ancient Culture robert a. cook The Ohio State University © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge , United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, th Floor, New York, 10006, USA Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, 3207, Australia /, nd Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Delhi – , India Anson Road, #–/, Singapore Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ : 10.1017/9781107339224 © Robert A. Cook This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Inc. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data : Cook, Robert A. (Robert Allan), 1970– : Continuity and change in the Native American village : multicultural origins and descendants of the Fort Ancient Culture / Robert A. Cook, The Ohio State University. : Cambridge, New York : Cambridge University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. : | 9781107043794 (hardback) : : Excavations (Archaeology)–Ohio River Valley. | Ohio River Valley–Antiquities. : . | – LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017008217 978-1-107-04379-4 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information For Penny, Pat, and Jay © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information The typical village between Lake Erie and the Ohio was multiethnic and without clear territorial claims. – Richard White : When it comes to archaeology, it’snotwhatyoufind, it’swhatyoufind out. – David Hurst Thomas, personal communication © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information List of Figures page ix List of Tables xv Acknowledgments xvii : ..................................... 1 : “ ” ................................. The “Savage Slot” and Cultural Connections 10 Introducing the Mississippian–Fort Ancient Cultural Continuum 12 Potential Descendants of the Fort Ancient Culture 15 Beyond the “Savage Slot” 22 2 : ........................ The Type Site and Boundary Issues 24 What Is Fort Ancient Culture? 27 Typological and Temporal Troubles 33 My Approach 36 3 : ...................... Macroevolution and the Analogy/Homology Dilemma 41 Cultural Constructions 45 Outsiding, Migration, and Mixing It Up 50 The Baby and the Bathwater 57 4 : “” ...... The Natural and Cultural Environment 60 Introducing the Study Villages 68 Variations on a Circular Theme 91 Coming Full Circle 100 vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information viii * Contents 5 : ......................... The “Big Bang” and a Mississippian Niche 103 Monumental Connections and Long-Distance Relationships 107 Maize and Village Origins 124 The Diffusion of Mississippian Traditions 130 Origins Revisited 141 6 : ...................................... Village Patterns of Potential Descendant Cultures 147 Fort Ancient Village Growth and Residence Patterning 157 The Place of Honor 167 Moieties and the Arrival of the Dogs 187 Houses of Creation, Death, Healing, and War 194 Cultural Connections, Hybridity, and the Organization of Leadership 201 7 : .............................. Big Changes during the Little Ice Age 207 Of Pits, Points, and Pots 214 Pushed and Pulled, but the Circles Remained the Same 219 Middle Grounds, Terra Nullius, and the “Wave Set in Motion” 226 8 : ..... Two Related Questions 234 General and Specific Findings 235 Transforming the Past 237 : ........ Bibliography 245 Index 277 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information P. Photograph of SunWatch burial vault . page . Historically documented tribal locations and currently recognized Fort Ancient culture area with study region indicated . . Map of the Fort Ancient and Middle Mississippian culture areas with arrows indicating suspected migration pathways. . A common depiction of the location of Ohio’s native peoples in the early nineteenth century . . Map of the Fort Ancient site . . The study region in relation to the type site and various demarcations of the Fort Ancient culture area . . Photographs of typical Fort Ancient pottery in the study region and some typical Early and Middle Period artifacts from the SunWatch site . . Most commonly used model of Fort Ancient development . . Location of the study region in relation to select features and the concentration of guilloche-style pottery with inset comparing a common Fort Ancient guilloche design with a variant of Mississippian Ramey pottery . . Line graph of generalized temperature changes associated with the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age . . Photographs of Fort Ancient earthen mound and Late Woodland stone mound at the Turpin site. . Map of all recorded Late Woodland sites and stone mounds in the study region . . Map of all recorded Fort Ancient sites in the study region . . LiDAR images showing the topographic settings of the South Fort and Taylor villages . . Magnetic susceptibility maps of the Taylor site showing the demarcation of the plaza and site boundary . . Original published map of the Madisonville site . ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04379-4 — Continuity and Change in the Native American Village Robert A. Cook Frontmatter More Information x * List of Figures . Magnetic gradiometry map and select auger results for the Turpin site showing how artifacts are concentrated in a similar pattern as the house groupings . . Hahn site magnetic gradiometry map . . State Line site aerial photographs comparing and ...... . Guard site magnetic gradiometry map. . SunWatch site aerial photograph during excavation and reconstruction . . Horseshoe Johnson site map . . Illustrations of large and small village forms in the study region . . Summary distribution of all calibrated radiocarbon dates for the study sites . . Bar graph showing site forms by chronological period . . Maps of site location by general