SOUTH AMERICAN TREMATODES PARASITES OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Berenice M. M. Fernandes Anna Kohn SOUTH AMERICAN TREMATODES PARASITES OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Rio de Janeiro Edited by Anna Kohn and Berenice M. M. Fernandes 2014 Berenice M. M. Fernandes - Senior Researcher of the “Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz”. berenice@ioc.fiocruz.br Anna Kohn - Senior Researcher of the “Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz”. Fellowship I and consultor ad hoc of the “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq”. annakohn@gmail.com Work developed in the “Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz”. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca de Ciências Biomédicas/ ICICT / FIOCRUZ - RJ K79 Kohn, Anna South American trematodes parasites of amphibians and reptiles / Berenice M. M. Fernandes e Anna Kohn. – Rio de Janeiro : Oficina de Livros, 2014. x, 228 p. : il. ; 28 cm Bibliografia: p. 105-132 ISBN 978-85-907027-2-6 1. Trematoda. 2. Aspidogastrea. 3. Digenea. 4. Amphibia. 5. Reptilia. 6. South America I. Fernandes, Berenice M. M. II. Título. CDD 592.48 We dedicate this book to the memory of our unforgetable Professors Lauro Travassos and João Ferreira Teixeira de Freitas ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq” for the grant to Anna Kohn (301870/2009-8), to all researches which provided literature and to Heloisa Maria N. Diniz (Laboratory for Productions and Handling of Images, ”Instituto Oswaldo Cruz”) for the assisting with the figures and the preparation of plates. Special thanks to “Instituto Oswaldo Cruz” and the director Dr. Wilson Savino for this publication. CONTENTS Summary ...........................................................................................................................13 Introduction ......................................................................................................................13 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 14 CLASS TREMATODA ....................................................................................................17 AMPHIBIA SUBCLASS DIGENEA ............................................................................17 Superfamily Allocreadioidea .............................................................................................17 Family Allocreadiidae .......................................................................................................17 Superfamily Gorgoderoidea ..............................................................................................17 Family Brachycoelidae ......................................................................................................17 Family Dicrocoeliidae ......................................................................................................18 Family Gorgoderidae .......................................................................................................19 Family Mesocoelidae ........................................................................................................22 Superfamily Hemiuroidea ................................................................................................23 Family Derogenidae ..........................................................................................................23 Superfamily Microphalloidea ..........................................................................................24 Family Pleurogenidae .......................................................................................................24 Superfamily Paramphistomoidea ......................................................................................24 Family Diplodiscidae ........................................................................................................24 Superfamily Plagiorchioidea .............................................................................................27 Family Glypthelminthidae ................................................................................................27 Family Haematoloechidae ................................................................................................28 Family Macroderoididae ...................................................................................................30 Family Plagiorchiidae .......................................................................................................33 Family Telorchiidae ..........................................................................................................36 REPTILIA SUBCLASS ASPIDOGASTREA ................................................................37 Family Aspidogastridae .....................................................................................................37 REPTILIA SUBCLASS DIGENEA ................................................................................37 Superfamily Allocreadioidea .............................................................................................37 Family Allocreadiidae .......................................................................................................37 Superfamily Clinostomoidea ............................................................................................37 Family Clinostomidae .......................................................................................................37 Family Liolopidae .............................................................................................................38 Superfamily Diplostomoidea ............................................................................................38 Family Cyathocotylidae ....................................................................................................38 Family Proterodiplostomidae ............................................................................................39 Superfamily Echinostomatoidea .......................................................................................43 Family Echinostomatidae .................................................................................................43 Family Psilostomidae ........................................................................................................45 Family Rhytidodidae .........................................................................................................46 Superfamily Gorgoderoidea .............................................................................................46 Family Brachycoeliidae .....................................................................................................46 Family Braunotrematidae .................................................................................................46 Family Dicrocoeliidae ......................................................................................................46 Family Mesocoeliidae .......................................................................................................48 Superfamily Microphalloidea ...........................................................................................49 Family Pachypsolidae ........................................................................................................49 Family Pleurogenidae .......................................................................................................49 Superfamily Microscaphidioidea .....................................................................................50 Family Microscaphidiidae ................................................................................................50 Superfamily Opisthorchioidea ..........................................................................................51 Family Cryptogonimidae ..................................................................................................51 Superfamily Paramphistomoidea ......................................................................................52 Family Cladorchiidae .......................................................................................................52 Family Diplodiscidae ........................................................................................................55 Superfamily Plagiorchioidea .............................................................................................56 Family Macroderoididae ...................................................................................................56 Family Opisthogonimidae .................................................................................................56 Family Plagiorchiidae ......................................................................................................60 Family Reniferidae ............................................................................................................65 Family Styphlotrematidae .................................................................................................67 Family Telorchiidae ..........................................................................................................67 Family Urotrematidae .......................................................................................................70 Syperfamily Pronocephaloidea ........................................................................................71