Durham E-Theses Permian productidina of Britain and Malaysia Bin Leman, Mohd Shafeea How to cite: Bin Leman, Mohd Shafeea (1990) Permian productidina of Britain and Malaysia, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6293/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. PERMIAN PRODUCTIDINA OF BRITAIN AND MALAYSIA by Mohd Shafeea Bin Leman A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Geological Sciences The University of Durham 1990 1 5 NOV 1991 Mohd Shafeea bin Leman Permian Productidina of Britain and Malaysia Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1990 Abstract The British Permian Productidina have not been revised in detail since 185~. In the present study some 2000 specimens from 29 localities in north east of England have been collected and prepared in the laboratory and used together with museum collections. The fauna consists of four species of Strophalosia, one new species of Eostrophalosia, six species of Heteralosia (four new), three species of Craspedalosia (one new), two species of Howseia, four species of Horridonia (one new) and two species of Spinohorridonia new genus. The Strophalosiacea and Horridoniinae are divided according to a new classification produced in this research. British Permian productidinid species are often strongly variable. Some variants suggest possible sexual dimorphism while others are probably of ecological forms. The fauna as a whole is unique and exclusive to the Upper Permian Zechstein Sea. The British Permian fauna shows major radiation periods during the early EZ1a Ca and early EZ1b Ca. In conjunction with these radiations, the Productidina become divided into two distinct assemblages, marking two biozones introduced in this thesis, the H orridonia horrida and Strophalosia excavata biozones. Little is known of the Malaysian Permian Productidina. They comprise one species each of Strophalosia, Craspedalosia, Institella, Antiquatonia, Reticulatia, Echi­ noconchus, Linoproductus, Stepanoviella, Striatifera, Liosotella (with new species), M arginifera '?, Paucispinifera, Retimarginifera (with new species) and Costispinifera, two species of Dictyoclostus, Waagenoconcha and Echinauris and three species of Cancrinella. Lower Permian productidinids are associated with Artinskian fusulines and show links with the South Tethyan cold water fauna. Upper Permian producti­ dinids contain a mixture of North Cathaysian elements and the warm South Tethyan lyttoniid fauna. Variation occurs within some of the Malaysian species, but owing to lack of material, no final deductions can be made. Similarly, although signifi­ cant differences are observed in Malaysian productidinid distributions, tabulation of biostratigraphic zonation is left until more data is available. Acknowledgements I would like to thank very much Dr. G. A. L. Johnson for his supervision during the progress of this study and for his help and advice during my stay in Durham. The Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia is greatfully acknowledged for funding this research and the Department of Geological Sciences (University of Durham) is ac­ knowledged for hosting the research. I would like to thank Dr. Denys Smith of GEOPERM, Dr. Neville Hollingworth of Oxford College, Dr. Howard Brunton of British Museum (Natural History), Mr. Jack Pattison of British Geological Survey, Dr. David Harper of University College of Galway, Dr. Kamal Roslan Mohamad of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Dr. Ian Metcalfe of University of Malaya and Dr. Henri Fontaine whose ideas and suggestions are very valuable for the production of this thesis. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Tim Pettigrew of Sunderland Museum, Mr. Andrew Newman of Hancock Museum, Dr. Howard Brunton of British Museum (Natural History), Dr. Cocks and Mr. Pattison of British Geological Survey, Dr. David Harper of University College of Galway and Dr. ldris Mohamad of University of Malaya for allowing unlimited access to their Permian collections. Special thanks are addressed to the staffs of the Geological Survey of Malaysia, especially Mr. Ibrahim Amnan, Mr. Khoo Han Peng, Mr. Amran Nali and the photographer (sorry your name slipped away from my memory) for every help given during this research. Not forgotten is Than Syed Khairuddin and family for providing free accom111odation and transport while the research is carried out in the Geological Survey of Malaysia. Sincere thank is due to Gerry Dresser and Alan Carr for the help in producing the plates, to George Randall for the thin sections and Dave Asbery for his quick response towards any problems I faced in the department. Thank is also extended to Dr. Larwood and Prof. Bott for continuously asking about my progress. This research is also much benefited by unlimited access to the sites granted by many landlords, to whom I owe very much. ii To Ian and the everchanging members of Room 223, AbdulKadir, Alex, Angela, Stuart, Pete and Ivan and to Dr. Samsudin and other members of the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate Society who have helped in anyway in the production of this thesis, I wish to thank you all very much. Finally, to my very patient wife and daughters and the rest of the family m Malaysia - you all make this happen. l1l Declaration The contents of this thesis are the original work of the author and no other work is included without acknowledgement. This thesis has not been previously submitted for a higher degree at this, or any other University. Mohd Shafeea bin Leman December 1990 Copyright The copyright of this thesis rest with the author. No quotation from it should be published without prior writen consent from him, and information from it should be acknowledged. IV LIST OF CONTENTS Titles . page numbers Abstract ............................................................ i Acknowledgements . n Declaration . IV List of contents . v List of text-figures . XI List of tables . Xlll Lists of plates . x1v CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION The scope of study . 1 The brachiopod Suborder Productidina . 1 The Permian Productidina . 3 The British Permian Productidina . 3 The Malaysian Permian Productidina . 4 Methods of study . 5 Field sampling . 5 Laboratory treatment . 6 Taxonomic classification procedures . 8 Problems in taxonomic classification . 8 Taxonomic classification employed in this study . 9 Some taxonomically important morphological features . 9 Research problems . 13 Glossary of productidinid terminology . 14 CHAPTER 2. BRITISH PERMIAN AND ITS PRODUCTIDINA Introduction . 17 The English Zechstein . 19 v English Zechstein Cycle 1 . 19 The Marl Slate . 19 The Cadeby Formation . 20 The Raisby Formation (EZ1a Ca) . 21 The Sherburn Hill Quarry . 23 The White Quarry . 23 The Ford Formation (EZ1b Ca) . 24 Reef facies - Thnstall Member . 24 Basal Coquina . 26 Reef-core sub-facies . 27 Reef-fiat sub-facies . 27 Reef-front sub-facies . 28 Back-reef or lagoonal facies . 29 Patch reef sub-facies . 29 Off-reef facies - Hesleden Dene Member . 30 Throw Point Bed . 31 Post EZ1 Ca sediments . 31 British Permian Productidinids . 31 CHAPTER 3. SYSTEMATIC Superfamily STROPHALOSIACEA Schuchert . 35 Family STROPHALOSIIDAE Schuchert . 36 Subfamily STROPHALOSIINAE Schuchert ........................ 39 Genus STROPHALOSIA W. King 1844 . 40 Strophalosia lewisiana (de Koninck) . 48 Strophalosia excavata ( Geinitz) . 56 Strophalosia goldfussi (Munster) . 61 Genus EOSTROPHALOSIA Stainbrook 1943 . 67 Eostrophalosia permiana new species . 69 Vl Subfamily HETERALOSIINAE Muir-Wood & Cooper . 74 Genus HETERALOSIA R. H. King 1938 . 75 Heteralosia morrisiana (W. King) . 77 Heteralosia humbletonensis (w. King) . 83 Heteralosia hyltonensis new species . 87 H eteralosia seahamensis new species . 92 H eteralosia aycliffensis new species . 95 Genus CRASPEDALOSIA Muir-Wood & Cooper 1960 ............. 99 Craspedalosia langtonensis new species . 100 Craspedalosia lamellosa (Geinitz) . 105 Craspedalosia sp. A . 107 Heteralosia'? quarringtonensis new species . 108 Strophalosia? parva W. King . 111 Superfamily AULOSTEGACEA Cooper & Grant . 114 Family AULOSTEGIDAE Muir-Wood & Cooper . 115 Subfamily AULOSTEGINAE Muir-Wood & Cooper . 115 Genus HOWSEIA.