SCC File No.: 38682 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA) IN THE MATTER OF: The Constitutional Question Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 68 AND IN THE MATTER OF A Reference by the Lieutenant Governor in Council set out in the Order in Council No. 211/19 dated April 25, 2018 concerning the constitutionality of amendments to provisions in the Environmental Management Act, R.S.B.C. 2003, c. 53 regarding the impacts of releases of certain hazardous substances BETWEEN: ATTORNEY GENERAL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA APPELLANT and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA RESPONDENT and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF QUÉBEC, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SASKATCHEWAN, ECOJUSTICE CANADA SOCIETY, CANADIAN ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION, ASSEMBLY OF FIRST NATIONS, HEILSTSUK TRIBAL COUNCIL, CITY OF BURNABY, TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE ULC, ENBRIDGE INC., RAILWAY ASSOCIATION OF CANADA, EXPLORERS AND PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION OF CANADA, CANADIAN FUELS ASSOCIATION, COUNCIL OF THE HAIDA NATION, LITTLE SHUSWAP LAKE INDIAN BAND, CITY OF VANCOUVER, SUNCOR ENERGY INC., IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED, HUSKY OIL OPERATIONS LIMITED, CENOVUS ENERGY INC. and CANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCES LIMITED, BEECHER BAY FIRST NATION, SONGHEES NATION, T’SOU-KE NATION, and CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCERS INTERVENERS FACTUM OF THE INTERVENER, LITTLE SHUSWAP LAKE INDIAN BAND (Pursuant to Rule 42 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canada) GRANT NOVACS NORELL GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP 400 – 900 Howe Street 2600 – 160 Elgin Street VANCOUVER BC V6Z 2M4 OTTAWA ON K1P 1C3 Arthur M. Grant Brian A. Crane, Q.C. Tel: (604) 642-6361 Tel: (613) 233-1781 Fax: (604) 609-6688 Fax: (613) 563-9869 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band ORIGINAL TO: THE REGISTRAR COPIES TO: ARVAY FINLAY LLP MICHAEL J. 1512 – 808 Nelson Street SOBKIN VANCOUVER BC V6Z 2H2 331 Somerset Street Ottawa, ON K2P 0J8 Joseph J. Arvay, Q.C. Catherine Tel: (613) 282-1712 Boies Parker Fax: (613) 288-2896 J. Gareth Morley E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (604) 696-9828 Fax: 1-888-575-3281 Ottawa Agent for the Appellant E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Appellant ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA 900 - 840 Howe Street 56 O’Connor Street, 5th Floor Vancouver, BC V6Z 2S9 OTTAWA ON K1A 0H8 Jan Brongers Christopher Rupar BJ Wray Tel: (613) 670-6290 Tel: (604) 666-0110/(604) 666-4304 Fax: (613) 954-1920 Fax: (604) 666-1585 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Ottawa Agent for the Respondent, Attorney General of Canada Attorney General of Canada ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALBERTA GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP Gall Legge Grant Zwack LLP 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 1000 1199 West Hastings Street OTTAWA ON K1P 1C3 VANCOUVER BC V6Z 2H2 Peter A. Gall, Q.C. D. Lynne Watt Andrea L. Zwack Tel: (613) 786-8695 Tel: (604) 891-1152 Fax: (613) 788-3509 Fax: (604) 669-5101 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General of Alberta Attorney General of Alberta ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ONTARIO POWER LAW 720 Bay Street, 4th Floor 130 Albert Street, Suite 1103 TORONTO ON M7A 2S9 OTTAWA ON K1P 5G4 Josh Hunter Maxine Vincelette Padraic Ryan Tel: (613) 702-5573 Tel: (416) 326-0131 Fax: (613) 702-5573 Fax: (416) 326-4015 Email:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General of Ontario General of Ontario ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NOËL & ASSOCIÉS QUÉBEC 111, rue Champlain GATINEAU 1200, route del’Église, 4ͤ étage QC J8X 3R1 QUEBEC CITY QC G1V 4M1 Frédéric Perrault Pierre Landry Tel: (418) 643-1477, ext. 20785 Tel: (819) 503-2178 Fax: (418) 644-7030 Fax: (819) 771-5397 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Procureure Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Générale du Québec Procureure Générale du Québec ATTORNEY GENERAL OF GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP SASKATCHEWAN 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Constitutional Law Branch OTTAWA, ON K1P 1C3 820 – 1874 Scarth Street REGINA, SK S4P 4B3 D. Lynne Watt Tel: (613) 786-8695 Thomson Irvine Fax: (613) 788-3509 Noah Wernikowski [email protected] Tel: (306) 787 -6307 Fax: (306) 787-9111 Ottawa Agent for the E-mail: [email protected] Intervener, Attorney General of Saskatchewan Counsel for the Intervener, Attorney General of Saskatchewan CITY OF VANCOUVER GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP 453 West 12th Avenue 160 Elgin Street, Suite 2600 Vancouver, BC V5Y 1V4 Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Susan B. Horne Jeffrey W. Beedell Kevin T. Nakanishi Tel: (613) 786-0171 Tele: (604) 873-7512 Fax: (613) 788-3587 Fax: (604) 873-7445 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Ottawa Agent for the Intervener, Counsel for the Intervener, City of City of Vancouver Vancouver ECOJUSTICE CANADA SOCIETY CHAMP AND ASSOCIATES 390 – 425 Carrall Street 43 Florence Street VANCOUVER BC v6b 6e3 OTTAWA ON K2P 0W6 Harry Wruck, Q.C. Bijon Roy Tel: (604) 685-5618 Tel: (613) 237-4740 Fax: (604) 685-7813 Fax: (613) 232-2680 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ecojustice Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Canada Society Ecojustice Canada Society BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP BORDEN LADNER GERVAIS LLP Centennial Place 1300-100 Queen Street 1900 – 520 3rd Ave SW OTTAWA, ON KIP 1J9 CALGARY, AB T2P 0R3 Michael A. Marion Karen Perron Alan Ross Tel: (613) 369-4795 Brett R. Carlson Fax: (613) 230-8842 Tel: (403) 232-9500 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (403) 266-1395 E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Canadian Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Energy Pipeline Association Canadian Energy Pipeline Association ASSEMBLY OF FIRST NATIONS SUPREME LAW GROUP 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600 900 – 275 Slater Street OTTAWA ON K1P 6L5 OTTAWA ON K1P 5H9 Stuart Wuttke Moira Dillon Julie McGregor Tel: (613) 691-1224 Tel: (613) 241-6789 Ext : 228 Fax: (613) 691-1338 Fax: (613) 241-5808 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Assembly Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Assembly of of First Nations First Nations NG ARISS FONG SUPREME ADVOCACY LLP Suite 800 – 555 West Georgia Street 100 – 340 Gilmour Street VANCOUVER BC V6B 1Z5 OTTAWA ON K2P 0R3 Lisa C. Fong Marie-France Major Tel: (604) 331-1155 Tel: (613) 695-8855 Ext : 102 Fax: (604) 677-5410 Fax: (613) 695-8580 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Heiltsuk Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Heiltsuk Tribal Council Tribal Council RATCLIFF & COMPANY SUPREME ADVOCACY LLP 221 West Esplanade, Suite 500 100 – 340 Gilmour Street NORTH VANCOUVER BC V7M 3J3 OTTAWA ON K2P 0R3 Gregory J. McDade, Q.C. Marie-France Major Michelle L. Bradley Tel: (613) 695-8855, Ext: 102 Tel: (604) 988-5201 Fax: (613) 695-8580 Fax: (604) 988-1452 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener City of Ottawa Agent for the Intervener City of Burnaby Burnaby OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP Suite 2500, Trans Canada Tower Suite 1900 450 1st Street S.W. 40 Albert Street CALGARY AB T2P 5H1 OTTAWA ON K1R 7Y6 Maureen E. Killoran, Q.C. Geoffrey Langen Olivia Dixon Tel: (613) 787-1009 Tel: (403) 260-7003 Fax: (613) 235-2867 Fax: (403) 260-7024 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Trans Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Mountain Pipeline ULC OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP Suite 2500, Trans Canada Tower Suite 1900 450 1st Street S.W. 40 Albert Street CALGARY AB T2P 5H1 OTTAWA ON K1R 7Y6 Maureen E. Killoran, Q.C. Geoffrey Langen Olivia Dixon Tel: (613) 787-1009 Tel: (403) 260-7003 Fax: (613) 235-2867 Fax: (403) 260-7024 E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Enbridge Inc. Enbridge Inc. MCCARTHY TÉTRAULT LLP GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP Suite 2400 0 745 Thurlow Street 2600 – 160 Elgin Street VANCOUVER BC V6E 0C5 Box 466 Station A OTTAWA ON K1P 1C3 Nicholas Hughes Matthew Estabrooks Emily MacKinnon Tel: (613) 786-0211 Tel: (604) 643-5983 Fax: (613): 788-3573 Fax: (604) 622-5606 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Railway Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Railway Association of Canada Association of Canada FASKEN MARTINEAU DUMOULIN FASKEN MARTINEAU DUMOULIN LLP LLP 1300 - 55 rue Metcalfe 2900 – 550 Burrard Street OTTAWA ON K1P 6L5 VANCOUVER, BC V6C 0A3 Sophie Arseneault D. Geoffrey G. Cowper, Q.C. Tel: (613) 236-3882 Stanley Martin Fax: (613) 230-6423 Daniel Byma E-mail:[email protected] Tom Posyniak Tel: (604) 631-3131 Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Fax: (604) 632-3232 Canadian Fuels Association E-mail:[email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Canadian Fuels Association WHITE RAVEN LAW CORPORATION GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP 16541 Upper Beach Road 2600 – 160 Elgin Street Surrey, BC V3S 9R6 Box 466 Station D Ottawa, ON K1P 1C3 Terri-Lynn Williams-Davidson Elizabeth Bulbrook David Paterson Brian A. Crane, Q.C. Tel: (604) 536-5541 Tel: (613) 233-1781 Fax: (604) 536-5542 Fax: (613) 563-9869 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail:[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener Little Ottawa Agent for the Intervener Shuswap Lake Indian Band Little Shuswap Lake Indian Band BLAKE, CASSELS & GRAYDON LLP GOWLING WLG (Canada) LLP 199 Bay Street 2600 – 160 Elgin Street Box 466 Suite 4000, Commerce Court West Station A TORONTO ON M5L 1A9 OTTAWA ON K1P 1C3 Catherine Beagan Flood D.