Interdisciplinary Journal of the William J. Perry Volume 14 2013 Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies ISSN: 1533-2535 Special Issue: The Drug Policy Debate FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY ISSUES THE DRUG POLICY DEBATE Michael Kryzanek, China, United States, and Latin A Selection of Brief Essays Representing America: Challenges and Opportunities the Diversity of Opinion, Contributors: Marilyn Quagliotti, Timothy Lynch, Hilton McDavid and Noel M. Cowell, A Peter Hakim (with Kimberly Covington), Perspective on Cutting Edge Research for Crime and Craig Deare, AMB Adam Blackwell, and Security Policies and Programs in the Caribbean General (ret.) Barry McCaffrey Tyrone James, The Growth of the Private Security Industry in Barbados: A Case Study BOOK REVIEWS Phil Kelly, A Geopolitical Interpretation of Security Joseph Barron: Review of Max Boot, Concerns within United States–Latin American Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Relations Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Times to the Present Emily Bushman: Review of Mark FOCUS ON BRAZIL Schuller, Killing With Kindness: Haiti, Myles Frechette and Frank Samolis, A Tentative International Aid, and NGOs Embrace: Brazil’s Foreign and Trade Relations with Philip Cofone: Review of Gastón Fornés the United States and Alan Butt Philip, The China–Latin Salvador Raza, Brazil’s Border Security Systems America Axis: Emerging Markets and the Initiative: A Transformative Endeavor in Force Future of Globalisation Design Cole Gibson: Review of Rory Carroll, Shênia K. de Lima, Estratégia Nacional de Defesa Comandante: Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela do Brasil: Comentários sobre a sua Implementação Patrick Hernández: Review of Shannon (2008–2011) K. O’Neill, Two Nations Indivisible: Mexico, The United States, and the Road Ahead GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS Abbott Matthews, Perspectives on Instability: Honduras and Paraguay Brian Loveman, Civil-Military Relations in Latin America: Selected Bibliography Volume 14 / 2013 1 Security and Defense Studies Review Staff and Editorial Board Kenneth LaPlante, Acting Director Yamile Kahn, Managing Editor Patricia Kehoe, Assistant Editor Vivian Rodríguez, Graphic Designer Raúl Benítez Manaut, Investigador Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades Universidad Autónoma de México J. Samuel Fitch, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science University of Colorado at Boulder Ivelaw Griffith, President Fort Valley State University, Georgia Oswaldo Jarrín, Former Professor and Minister of Defense Chair William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies General (ret.) Julio Hang, Director Institute of International Security and Strategic Affairs Jennifer Holmes, Associate Professor of Political Science University of Texas at Dallas Hal Klepak, Professor of War Studies and Latin American History Royal Military College of Canada Richard Millett, Professor of History Emeritus Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Patricia Olney, Associate Professor of Political Science Southern Connecticut State University Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira, Profesor Núcleo de Estudos Estratégicos Universidade de Campinas, São Paolo, Brasil Carlos Ospina, Professor and Chief of Defense Chair William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Orlando J. Pérez, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science Central Michigan University Security and Defense Studies Review An Interdisciplinary Journal Volume 14 2013 William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies National Defense University Abraham Lincoln Hall 260 5th Ave., Bldg. 64 Washington, DC 20319-5066 The opinions in the Security and Defense Studies Review do not necessarily reflect those of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, the National Defense University, or the U.S. Department of Defense. Submissions for the Perry Center Security and Defense Studies Review should be addressed to the Managing Editor, Publications, William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, National Defense University, Abraham Lincoln Hall, 260 5th Ave., Bldg. 64, Washington, DC 20319-5066, or emailed to [email protected], with the subject line “Submission for SDSR.” Security and Defense Studies Review Volume 14 2013 Special Issue: The Drug Policy Debate CONTENTS Message from the Director, Kenneth LaPlante 5 FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY ISSUES China, United States, and Latin America: Challenges and Opportunities Michael Kryzanek 9 A Perspective on Cutting Edge Research for Crime and Security Policies and Programs in the Caribbean Hilton McDavid and Noel M. Cowell 27 The Growth of the Private Security Industry in Barbados: A Case Study Tyrone James 39 A Geopolitical Interpretation of Security Concerns within United States–Latin American Relations Phil Kelly 53 FOCUS ON BRAZIL A Tentative Embrace: Brazil’s Foreign and Trade Relations with the United States Myles Frechette and Frank Samolis 71 Brazil’s Border Security Systems Initiative: A Transformative Endeavor in Force Design Salvador Raza 95 Estratégia Nacional de Defesa do Brasil: Comentários sobre a sua Implementação (2008–2011) Shênia K. de Lima 117 GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS Perspectives on Instability: Honduras and Paraguay Abbott Matthews 131 Civil-Military Relations in Latin America: Selected Bibliography Brian Loveman 153 THE DRUG POLICY DEBATE A Selection of Brief Essays Representing the Diversity of Opinion Contributors: Marilyn Quagliotti, Timothy Lynch, Peter Hakim (with Kimberly Covington), Craig Deare, AMB Adam Blackwell, GEN (ret.) Barry McCaffrey 187 BOOK REVIEWS Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Times to the Present, by Max Boot Reviewed by Joseph Barron 217 Killing With Kindness: Haiti, International Aid, and NGOs, by Mark Schuller Reviewed by Emily Bushman 219 The China–Latin America Axis: Emerging Markets and the Future of Globalisation, by Gastón Fornés and Alan Butt Philip Reviewed by Philip Cofone 221 Comandante: Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela, by Rory Carroll Reviewed by Cole Gibson 223 Two Nations Indivisible: Mexico, The United States, and the Road Ahead, by Shannon K. O’Neill Reviewed by Patrick Hernández 225 CONTRATAPA 227 CONTRIBUTORS 235 Message from the Director Welcome to Volume 14 (2013 issue) of the Security and Defense Studies Review. There have been many changes here at the Center since we published Volume 13 last year, not least of which has been the redesignation of our center as the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (Perry Center). The new name was activated on April 2, 2013, following authorization by Congress in the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act. Our new name honors former U.S. Secretary of Defense William J. Per- ry, who is credited with the foundation and continued sup- port to the Center. Additionally, on March 29, Dr. Richard Downie concluded his service as Director of the Center after nine outstanding years of leadership. This Review covers a diverse array of topics, with a focus on the intersection of drug policy and security in the United States, elaborated in a section of brief es- says by prominent policymakers, scholars, and government officials. This special section comes as a result of the Hemispheric Forum on U.S. Drug Policy Options held at the Center in May 2012 and moderated by Dr. Howard Wiarda. With com- mentaries by Marilyn Quagliotti, deputy director of supply reduction at the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy; Timothy Lynch, director of the Proj- ect on Criminal Justice at the Cato Institute; Peter Hakim, president emeritus and senior fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue; Craig Deare, interim dean of aca- demic affairs/dean of administration at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) at National Defense University; AMB Adam Blackwell, secretary of multi- dimensional security at the Organization of American States (OAS); and GEN (ret.) Barry McCaffrey, former U.S. Army General, fourth director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and currently serving as president of the BR McCaffrey Associates consulting firm, the diversity of opinion on this controversial and timely topic is well-represented. The rest of Volume 14 offers a number of unique perspectives and analyses. The first section, on foreign policy and security issues, leads with an analysis of U.S., China, and Latin American relations by Michael Kryzanek of Bridgewater State University. Two articles on challenges to citizen security in the Caribbean follow, one written by Perry Center Adjunct Professor, Hilton McDavid, and Noel M. Cowell, and the other by Tyrone James. The section concludes with an incisive geopolitical study of the U.S.–Latin America security relationship, by Philip Kelly of Emporia State University. Next, three articles bring Brazil front and center. In “A Tentative Embrace,” AMB Myles Frechette and Frank Samolis explore the complexities of the U.S.- Brazilian dynamic. Former Perry Center Professor Salvador Raza offers a proposal for an improved and expanded border security system in Brazil. Finally, former Perry Center Research Assistant Shênia K. de Lima offers an analysis of the Brazil- Volume 14 / 2013 5 ian National Defense Strategy (in Portuguese). This volume also includes one article on governance and instability and one annotated bibliography on civil-military relations. Abbott Matthews, a former Perry Center research assistant, ably examines the similarities and differences between the recent coups in Honduras and Paraguay, and Brian Loveman, of San