Musical Symbols & Markings: Music Literacy Worksheet Counting in Common Time Notes Rests Music Symbols Clefs whole note whole rest Flat 4 beats 4 beats - lowers the pitch by a Treble Clef b half step w 1, (2, 3, 4) 1, (2, 3, 4) & half note half rest Sharp 2 beats 2 beats - raises the pitch by a Bass Clef m half step h 1, (2) 1, (2) ? quarter note quarter rest Natural 1 beat 1 beat n - cancels out any sharp q Œ or flat Dynamic Markings 1 1 Fermata crescendo eighth note eighth note - Hold the note longer - gradually ½ beat ½ beat U than its normal value get louder e ‰ G (1), te (1), te Marcato decrescendo - Accented, stressed, - gradually ^ short get softer L Accent dim. gradually get sixteenth note sixteenth note - play the note a little softer ¼ beat ¼ beat > louder x Staccato cresc. gradually get (1), ta te ta (1), ta te ta - play the note short louder . Dynamic Markings Tempo Marks Repeat Signs pianississimo Largo very slow and D.C. al Fine Go back to the beginning and end at - very, very broad Fine. ppp soft pianissimo Adagio faster than largo, D.C. al Coda Go back to the beginning and play to the - very soft but slower than coda sign ( ), then skip to the Coda and pp andante play to the end of the piece. piano Andante a graceful D.S. al Fine - soft walking tempo Go back to the sign ( ) and end at Fine. p % Moderato moderately D.S. al Coda mezzo piano Go back to the sign ( ) and play to the P - moderately % soft coda sign ( ), then skip to the Coda to end the piece. mezzo forte Allegro fast Go back to the - moderately beginning and play F loud again. forte Presto very Fast Go back to the repeat - loud sign and play again f fortissimo ritardando gradually - very loud becoming Play 1st ending the first slower ff time. Repeat to the accelerando gradually beginning, then skip fortississimo becoming faster the 1st ending, and play fff - very, very 2nd ending. loud a tempo return to the original tempo Musical Symbols & Markings: Music Literacy Worksheet Notes of the staff Key Signatures Sharp Keys (examples) Rule: Find the last sharp in the key signature (the sharp furthest to the right), and then go up one half step. Flat Keys (examples) Rule: Find the second to last flat in the key signature (the second to last one on the right) C Major F Major C Major has no F Major has one flat (B flat), and doesn’t sharps or flats follow the Flat Key Rule. C Major: F Major: Time Signatures Time signatures appear at the beginning of a piece of music. They are made up of two numbers. The top number indicates the number of beats per measure. The bottom number indicates which note will get one beat In there are 4 beats in each measure. A quarter note ( ) = 1 beat. q In there are 3 beats in each measure. A quarter note ( ) = 1 beat. q In there are 6 beats in each measure. An eighth note ( ) = 1 beat. e In there are 2 beats in each measure. A quarter note ( ) = 1 beat. q In both and there are 2 beats in each measure. A half note ( ) = 1 beat. h .