Requirements for web developers and web commissioners in ubiquitous Web 2.0 design and development Deliverable 3.2 :: Public Keywords: web design and development, Web 2.0, accessibility, disabled web users, older web users Inclusive Future Internet Web Services Requirements for web developers and web commissioners in ubiquitous Web 2.0 design and development I2Web project (Grant no.: 257623) Table of Contents Glossary of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Terminology ............................................................................................................. 13 2 Requirements for Web commissioners ............................................................................ 15 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 15 2.2 Previous work ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Method ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Participants ........................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Interview schedule ............................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................. 18 2.4 Results ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 Range of organizations ......................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 The websites and web applications ..................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Organization of web design and development .................................................... 19 2.4.4 Website audiences ............................................................................................... 20 2.4.5 Policy on website accessibility ............................................................................. 20 2.4.6 Knowledge of and training in web accessibility and related concepts ................ 20 2.4.7 Quality processes for web accessibility ................................................................ 21 2.4.8 Quality processes for web usability ..................................................................... 21 2.5 Discussion and Conclusions ...................................................................................... 22 3 Requirements for web developers ................................................................................... 24 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Previous work ........................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Survey of Web Developer Practices ......................................................................... 27 3.3.1 Method ................................................................................................................. 27 3.3.2 Results .................................................................................................................. 29 3.4 Contextual Inquiries with Web Developers ............................................................. 35 3.4.1 Method ................................................................................................................. 35 3.4.2 Results .................................................................................................................. 39 3.4.3 Discussion and Conclusions .................................................................................. 50 4 Requirements for Web accessibility experts .................................................................... 54 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 54 4.2 Method ..................................................................................................................... 54 Version 2.0 Page 2 of 92 © I2Web Consortium 2011 Requirements for web developers and web commissioners in ubiquitous Web 2.0 design and development I2Web project (Grant no.: 257623) 4.2.1 Participants ........................................................................................................... 54 4.2.2 Interview schedule ............................................................................................... 55 4.2.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................. 56 4.2.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................ 56 4.3 Results ...................................................................................................................... 56 4.3.1 Training and Experience ....................................................................................... 56 4.3.2 Participation in Guidelines/Standards Bodies ...................................................... 57 4.3.3 Tool Functionality ................................................................................................. 57 4.3.4 Completeness of accessibility tests ...................................................................... 60 4.3.5 Sampling Pages for Accessibility Testing .............................................................. 60 4.3.6 Tracking of Accessibility Tests and Problems ....................................................... 61 4.4 Common Accessibility Problems .............................................................................. 62 4.4.1 Reporting Accessibility Problems ......................................................................... 63 4.4.2 Maintenance of Accessibility ............................................................................... 64 4.5 Discussion and Conclusions ...................................................................................... 64 5 References ........................................................................................................................ 66 Appendix A: Interview schedule for website commissioners ................................................. 68 Appendix B: Survey of Web Developer Practices ..................................................................... 73 Appendix C: Contextual inquiry schedule on “Accessibility support for web developers” ..... 81 Appendix D: Web Accessibility Evaluator Interview Schedule ................................................. 90 Version 2.0 Page 3 of 92 © I2Web Consortium 2011 Requirements for web developers and web commissioners in ubiquitous Web 2.0 design and development I2Web project (Grant no.: 257623) List of Tables Table 2.1: Frequency of website features ................................................................................ 19 Table 2.2: Knowledge/Training in web technologies, accessibility and usability .................... 21 Table 3.1: Age distribution of respondents .............................................................................. 28 Table 3.2: Experience distribution of respondents .................................................................. 29 Table 3.3: Features for which the largest proportion of respondents prefer to use an IDE ... 32 Table 3.4: Features for which the largest proportion of respondents prefer to use some other application ................................................................................................................................ 33 Table 3.5: Features for which the largest proportion of respondents do not use .................. 33 Table 3.6: Technologies for which the largest proportion of respondents prefer to use an IDE .................................................................................................................................................. 33 Table 3.7: Technologies for which the largest proportion of respondents prefer to use a text editor ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Table 3.8: Technologies for which the largest proportion of respondents prefer to use some other application ...................................................................................................................... 34 Table 3.9: Technologies for which the largest proportion of respondents do not use ........... 34 Table 4.1: Age breakdown of interviewees .............................................................................. 54 Table 4.2: Functionality used in WATTs and AATTs ................................................................. 58 Version 2.0 Page 4 of 92 © I2Web Consortium 2011 Requirements for web developers and web commissioners in ubiquitous Web 2.0 design and development I2Web project (Grant no.: 257623) Contractual Date of Delivery to the EC: 30th April 2011 + 60 days