List of Illustrations Signs Used in Illustrations: Arrows - direction in which the figure moves on its vehicle Bold bar - bottom of a panel P - false portico (...) - later inserted image [...] - hypothetical placement 1 Badami, Cave 3, location of ceiling panels ................................................. 24 2 Mundesvari Hill, ground plan and sketch of the reconstructed arrangement of lokapalas....................... 33 3 Bhubaneswar, Parasuramesvara Temple: sketch of arrangement of deities on the south-western portion of the jagamohana............................................................... 33 4 Badami, Jambulihga Temple, ceiling panel of ardhamandapa in front of northern sanctum ...................... 35 5 Nagaral, Naganatha Temple, central ceiling panel of mandapa ...................................... 36 6 Mahakuta, Mallikarjuna Temple, central ceiling panel of mandapa ................................... 36 7 Aihole, Huccappayya Temple, lokapalas on beams of central bay .................................... 37 8 Pattadakal, Papanatha Temple, eastern mandapa, central ceiling..................................... 38 9 Pattadakal, Papanatha Temple, western portion, outer wall........................................ 38 10 Alampur, Bala Brahma Temple, exterior wall niches ............................................ 41 11 Alampur, Svarga Brahma Temple, exterior wall niches .......................................... 42 12 Alampur, Visva Brahma Temple, exterior wall niches ........................................... 43 13 Satyavolu, Ramalirigesvara Temple, exterior wall niches ......................................... 44 14 Amrol, Ramesvara Mahadeva Temple, plan ................................................. 46 15 Amrol, Danebaba Temple, plan ....................................................... 47 16 Gwalior, Teli-ka-mandir, plan (after Deva 1991: fig. 7) .......................................... 47 17 Cittaudgadh, Kalikamata Temple, garbhagrha plan ............................................ 49 18 Cittaudgadh, Kumbhasyama Temple, garbhagrha plan .......................................... 50 19 Cittaudgadh, Kumbhasyama Temple, exterior wall, plan ......................................... 51 20 Plpad, Pipladmata Temple, plan....................................................... 53 21 Osian, Surya Temple 1, plan ......................................................... 54 22 Osian, Harihara Temple 1, plan........................................................ 55 23 Ceiling panels of the Deccan region, c. 9th—10th centuries (sketches): a) Alur, Arkesvara Temple (Karnataka) 58 b) Aralaguppe, Kallesvara Temple (Karnataka)................................................ 58 c) Bhavanasi Sarigam, Rupala Sarigamesvara Temple (A.P.) ........................................ 58 d) Dharmapuri, Mallikarjuna Temple (T.N.) ................................................. 58 e) Kambadahalli, Santinatha basti (Karnataka) ................................................ 58 f) Kambadahalli, Adinatha basti (Karnataka)................................................. 58 g) Narasamarigalam, Ramesvara Temple (Karnataka) ............................................ 58 h) Papanasanam, group 9 (A.P.)......................................................... 58 i) Pratakota, Nagesvara Temple (A.P.)..................................................... 58 24 Pattadakal, Kaslvisvanatha Temple, ceiling panel ............................................. 59 25 Ellora 16 (Kailasa Temple), gopura, dikpdla niches............................................ 62 26 Dang, Siva Temple, plan ........................................................... 63 27 Indor, Siva Temple, plan (after Meister 1982: fig. A) ........................................... 64 28 Gwalior, Caturbhuja Temple, plan sketch of sanctum ........................................... 66 29 Paharpur, Somapura Vihara, plan....................................................... 72 30 Gallavalli, Kamesvara Temple, plan ..................................................... 75 31 Representations of Manu Lokapalas (8th through 10th centuries)..................................... 89.