THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Comprehensive Food Security and Nutrition Assessment Report Coordinated by the Disaster Management Department - Prime Minister’s Office and The National Food Security Division - Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Dar es Salaam Prepared by the Tanzania Food Security and Nutrition Analysis System - MUCHALI Tanzania FEBRUARY 2017 The Mfumo wa Uchambuzi wa Uhakika wa Chakula na Lishe (MUCHALI) Partners ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF ANNEX ......................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ACRONMYS ........................................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ ix CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Overview of the National Food and Nutrition Security Situation ....................................................... 1 1.1.1. Tanzania Seasonal Rainfall Patterns ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2. Crop Production ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3. Livestock Production ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.4. Fisheries Production ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.5. Food Availability ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.6. Nutrition Situation ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Sampling Process ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Sampling and Sampling Procedures for Food Shortage Areas ................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Data Collection ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1. Food Security Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2. Nutrition Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Findings ................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1. Seasonal Rainfall Performance During 2015/16 Production Year and Vuli 2016/2017 ................. 8 3.2. Food Availability ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2.1. Crop Production ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2. Livestock Production ............................................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3. Fish Production ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3. Food Accessibility ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.1. Food Crop Prices ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.2. Livestock Prices ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.3. Terms of Trade ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.4. Market Availability and Road Condition ........................................................................................................ 16 3.3.5. Labour Availability and Purchasing Power ................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Food Utilization ........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4.1. Water and Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................. 18 iii 3.4.2. Toilet Use .................................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.4.3. Food Storage ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5. Hazard and Vulnerability ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.1. Livelihood Strategies ............................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5.2. Food Commodities Price ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5.3. Copping Strategies ................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.5.4. Human, Livestock and Crop Diseases ............................................................................................................. 20 3.5.5. Water ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.6. Conflicts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.7. Coverage of vitamin A Supplementation and Deworming ....................................................................... 21 3.5.8. Morbidity ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.6. Nutrition Security ....................................................................................................................................... 23 3.6.1. Nutrition status of Children ................................................................................................................................. 23 3.6.2. Prevalence of Wasting ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.6.3. Prevalence of Underweight ................................................................................................................................. 26 3.6.4. Prevalence of Stunting .......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.7. Food Consumption ..................................................................................................................................... 27 3.7.1. Number of Meals Consumed by Households ...............................................................................................