NORTH AMERICA Exploration and Colonization, Part 1 PP. 88-95 EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION WHEN EUROPEANS FIRST BEGAN TO ARRIVE IN NORTH AMERICA, THE PEOPLE WHO ALREADY INHABITED THE LAND WHERE VARIOUS GROUPS OF NATIVES. TODAY THESE PEOPLE ARE CALLED NATIVE AMERICANS. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS WOULD MAKE HIS FAMED VOYAGE IN 1492, SAILING FOR SPAIN. EUROPEAN EXPLOERS WERE IN SEARCH OF RICHES AND NEW TERRITORY FOR THE HOMELAND. EUROPEANS HAD A TERRIBLE EFFECT ON THE NATIVES. MANY NATIVES DIED FROM DISEASES CONTRACTED FROM THE EUROPEANS, AND OTHERS WERE VIOLENTLY FORCED FROM THEIR HOMELAND AS NEW COLONIES WERE CLAIMED FOR VARIOUS COUNTRIES IN EUROPE. NEW COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA St. Augustine - Founded by Spain (FL) Jamestown - Founded by Great Britain (VA) Plymouth - Founded by Great Britain (MA) New Sweden - Founded by Sweden (DE) New France - Founded by France (Quebec, Canada) AGRICULTURE WAS A TOP ECONOMIC SOURCE IN PARTS OF N. AMERICA. BECAUSE FARMING WAS SO LABOR INTENSIVE, FAMILIES OFTEN DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH MEMBERS TO DO THE WORK THAT WAS REQUIRED. THEREFORE, SLAVE LABOR WAS A NECESSITY FOR THE FAMILIES TO PRODUCE WHAT WAS DEMANDED FROM THE VARIOUS GROUPS THAT BOUGHT THESE CROPS. THE PRIMARY CROP CALLING FOR THE NEED FOR SLAVE LABOR, WAS COTTON. SETTLING QUEBEC Jacques Cartier SAILED INTO THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE, CLAIMING THE LAND FOR NEW FRANCE. HE WOULD TAKE THIS VOYAGE ALL THE WAY TO MONTREAL, OPENING TRADE DEPOTS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS WHICH PROVED HIGHLY PROFITABLE. SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN Built the earliest settlement of New France -- Quebec. TRACKING THE MISSISSIPPI In 1672, explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette left New France to explore the Mississippi River. There mapping of the river led them to discover that the system led down through Spanish territory in North America to the Gulf of Mexico. Jolliet was a noted French Canadian explorer, Marquette was a Jesuit Priest and Catholic Missionary. Louis Jolliet Jacques Marquette OVERALL, THE FRENCH GOT ALONG BETTER WITH NATIVES, BECAUSE THEY WERE SEEN AS TRADERS, NOT SETTLERS WHO WERE FORCING NATIVES OFF OF THEIR LAND. BRITAIN VS. FRANCE Britain and France will eventually declare war in 1754 over various land claims in North America and abroad. This was called the SEVEN YEARS WAR. Due to greater military and financial resources, the British would ultimately conquer Quebec in 1760 and gain control of New France. Britain vs. France Britain and France will eventually declare war in 1754 over various land claims in North America and abroad. This was called the SEVEN YEARS WAR. Due to greater military and financial resources, the British would ultimately conquer Quebec in 1760 and gain control of New France. THE QUEBEC ACT Passed in 1774, the Quebec Act strengthened elements of French culture in Quebec. It established a French system of law and allowed the mostly Catholic population freedom to practice their religion. REVOLUTION & INDEPENDENCE REVOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE FOLLOWING THE SEVEN YEARS WAR, BRITAIN FACED A SEVER ECONOMIC CRISIS AT HOME. THE COST OF WAR HAD LEFT THE COUNTRY NEARLY BANKRUPT, AND DESPERATE FOR A SOURCE OF INCOME. THEREFORE... TO PAY FOR DEFENDING THE COLONIES DURING THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, KING GEORGE PASSED HEAVY TAXES ON THE COLONISTS WITHOUT THEM HAVING ANY SAY IN THE MATTER. AS A RESPONSE, THE COLONISTS IMMEDIATELY BEGAN TO PROTEST THE NEW TAXES, CLAIMING THE KING HAD NO RIGHT TO TAX THEM WITHOUT THE COLONISTS BEING REPRESETNED IN PARLIAMENT. IN A FINAL ACT OF PROTEST, MEMBERS OF THE SONS OF LIBERTY DRESSED AS NATIVES AND BOARDED A BRITISH SHIP, DUMPING CRATES OF TEA INTO BOSTON HARBOR. THE RESULTING INTOLERABLE ACTS WILL LEAD THE COLONISTS TO DECLARING INDEPENDENCE. The Ride of Paul Revere AS TENSIONS MOUNTED, PAUL REVERE RODE FROM COLONY TO COLONY TO WARN OF THE BRITISH ARRIVAL. HIS WARNING WOULD SIGNAL THE OLD NORTH CHURCH TO LIGHT ONE CANDLE IF THE INVASION WAS BY LAND, TWO IF THE BRITISH WERE COMING BY SEA. The Declaration of Independence THE COLONISTS FORMALLY DECLARED INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN IN 1776, WITH THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, WRITTEN BY THOMAS JEFFERSON. AT THE URGING OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, THE FRENCH AGREED TO AIDE THE COLONISTS IN THEIR WAR WITH BRITAIN. AIDE WAS GIVEN IN THE FORM OF SHIPS AND MONEY TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR. FRENCH NOBLEMAN, MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE ALSO CAME TO THE COLONIES AIDE GEORGE ULTIMATELY, AT THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN, THE PATRIOTS WOULD DELIVER THE FINAL BLOW TO THE BRITISH. LED BY GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON, THIS VICTORY WOULD SECURE THE WAR FOR THE NEWLY FORMED AMERICAN NATION. THE TREATY OF PARIS, 1783 The War would formally end with the Treat of Paris, 1783. This treaty saw Great Britain formally recognize America as an independent nation, and set the borders of the new country from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, and from Canada to the northern border of Florida. ALTHOUGH MOST AMERICANS HAD FOUGHT FOR THE PATRIOTS, THERE WERE STILL A FEW WHO SIDED WITH GREAT BRITAIN. FOLLOWING THE WAR, MANY OF THESE MOVED TO CANADA, CREATING A STRONG MIX OF BOTH BRITISH AND FRENCH INFLUENCE IN THE COUNTRY. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION The first government created in the newly formed nation was the Articles of Confederation. However, this government was incredibly flawed, with states having more power than the national government, leaving Congress without any power to enforce the rules they created. The Constitution IN 1787, A MEETING OF DELEGATES TOOK PLACE IN PHILADELPHIA, PA TO CREATE A NEW FORM OF GOVERNMENT FOR THE UNITED STATES. THE NEW DOCUMENT WOULD BE CALLED THE U.S. CONSTITUTION. LEGISLATIVE - CONGRESS; EXECUTIVE - PRESIDENT; JUDICIAL - SUPREME COURT THE BILL OF RIGHTS HOLDS SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE, AS ITS ADDITION LEAD TO THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION, AND PROTECTS U.S. CITIZENS, GIVING THEM BASIC RIGHTS THAT CANNOT BE INFRINGED UPON..