QueriesAutumn 2014 / Issue 5 / €5.90 THE EUROPEAN PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINE CALL FOR SOLIDARITY Asylum, migration, and integration policies in Europe MY EUROPE Khalifa Sall, Mayor of Dakar DISCOVERY The Anselm Kiefer retrospective OPINION Benjamin Stora on immigration About Queries Isaac Newton’s famous book “Opticks” concludes with a set of “Queries.” These “Queries” are not questions in the ordinary sense, but rather rhetorical questions intended to stimulate thinking. This was Newton’s mode of explaining “by query.” Made with the financial support of the European Parliament No 5 / Autumn 2014 / CPPAP 0416 U 92285 – ISSN 2032-9113 – Queries is the scientific magazine of the Foundation for European Progressive Studies. The Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) is the first progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007 and co-financed by the European Parliament, it aims at establishing an intellectual crossroad between social democracy and the European project Publisher: FEPS – Foundation for European Progressive Studies. First published in Belgium 2012/2013 Magazine Editor of Queries: Dr. Ernst Stetter (Secretary General – FEPS) Editor-in-Chief: Alain Bloëdt Associate Editor-in-Chief: Olivier Breton Editorial Committee: Maari Põim, Ania Skrzypek, Giovanni Cozzi, Charlotte Billingham, David Kitching Editorial Consultant: Zakeera Suffee Journalists: Mariam Belkhir, Lorenzo Consoli, Sam Davies, Jacques Docquiert, Nicolas Gros-Verheyde, Trevor Huggins, Tony Lawrence, Loreline Merelle, Griselda Pastor, Moritz Pfeifer, Kim Rahir, Charlotte Saliou, Ian Willoughby Cover Illustration: Antoine Corbineau Design & Production: All Contents, France Translation: Semantis Photo Credits (Pages 4-7): DR, Frontex, Evan Barry, MPI, Jungeun Suzie Lee, Ivan Maly, Franck Düvell, VoteWatch Europe, Jean-Marc Germain, CIRÉ, Suzanne Schols – 2014 – Brussels, Kevin Braim, Jan Rasch, CC-BY, Randstad, Andujar1943, European Union – 2014, Khalifa Sall / Serife Diagne, SPÖ, Chonnam National University, Benedict Johnson, FEPS, Musée de l’Histoire de l’Immigration, Charlie Wand, Pascale Uebersax – 2014, Sébastien Niess, Institut Jacques Delors, Bundesregierung/Jesco Denzel, Antoine Corbineau, Courtesy Royal Academy of Arts – Howard Sooley / Anselm Kiefer, Leave to Remain / Indefinite Films, United States Navy – Copyright © FEPS – Foundation for European Progressive Studies. 2 QUERIES — Autumn 2014 ASYLUM POLICIES European values at stake? by Massimo D’Alema, FEPS President, former Prime Minister of Italy oth the UNHCR and Amnesty internation- peripheral member states. Moreover, when faced with a huge al have deplored the thousands of deaths emergency, the burden of offering asylum to refugees should of people desperately trying to escape not weigh only on the shoulders of the usual few countries, but war and poverty (it is estimated that should be shared among all member states. Since last January, about 2,500 people have died since the Germany has received about 82,000 asylum applications; B beginning of 2014). Sweden 45,000; France almost 30,000; and Italy almost 25,000. Of course, a common asylum policy also requires the harmoni- As this figure shows, we are facing an enormous tragedy that sation of the member states’ asylum policies. concerns us all. The Right has tried to exploit this tragedy, saying that it is merely an issue of illegal immigration. We know that this Migration is one of the issues that will test the European is far from being the case; it is in fact the migration of people Union’s solidity as well as its respect for the values on fleeing from bloody conflicts and wars, from cruel and violent which it was built, those which form its heritage. Europe authoritarian regimes. The most striking example is that of the cannot give up on its role as one of the main actors on the inter- crises occurring in Syria, Iraq and Libya. This region is one of the national scene, particularly in a region that is just beyond our most tormented on the planet, a situation that the Islamic State’s common borders. The issues of the conflicts occurring close to ruthless attacks are exposing and making worse each day. our frontiers (which are a matter of EU foreign policy), security The instability of this region has inevitable repercussions on our and the management of immigration are closely interconnected. countries, in terms of both humanitarian and security concerns. The European Union and its member states should face them This is why it would be a most serious mistake to neglect the organically. complexity of what is going on in the European Union’s southern neighbourhood. The way in which the EU will face these challenges will impact, on the one hand, the very process of European Against this backdrop, it is a shame that the European Union lacks integration, and, on the other hand, its projection and a truly common asylum policy. Why do we need a genuinely com- credibility on the global scene. Last but not least, it will affect mon asylum policy? Because we cannot keep leaving the respon- its capability to uphold and promote its principles of tolerance, sibility for humanitarian rescues and aid—as well as security—to solidarity, inclusion, and respect for human and civil rights. QUERIES — Autumn 2014 3 #05 Call for solidarity. Asylum, migration, Contents and integration policies in Europe Page 38 INPUT FOCUS P. 10 MY VIEW P. 40 FOREWORD Ivan Klíma Zakeera Suffee P. 12 ONES TO WATCH P. 42 IN NUMBERS Micaela Navarro Immigration and asylum in the EU Ed Miliband Decoding by Gianni Pittella P. 20 ANALYSIS P. 48 OPINION Andrew Watt on the German lead Benjamin Stora on immigration Comments by Andreas Schieder as a pride for Europe and Jean-Marc Germain P. 54 ESSAY P. 26 COLUMN Michael Diedring Ursula Barry and Conor McCabe on the Common European Asylum Policy on Jean-Claude Juncker’s agenda P. 60 INQUIRY Europe’s resources against illegal migration P. 70 ESSAY Luis Miguel Pariza Castaños on closing the borders P. 76 JOINT INTERVIEW Elizabeth Collett & Juan Fernando López Aguilar P. 28 VISION The fight against energy poverty P. 80 ESSAY Yves Pascouau on integration P. 34 INSIGHT and migration policies Christopher Cramer and Deborah Johnston on the other side of Fairtrade 4 QUERIES — Autumn 2014 INSPIRATION P. 84 INTERVIEW P. 112 MY EUROPE P. 128 PUBLICATIONS Annemarie Muntz on migrants What does Europe from the FEPS and labour shortages mean to Khalifa Sall? network P. 87 ESSAY P. 115 DISCOVERY P. 131 ZOOM Sarah Walker on integration Anselm Kiefer’s Fabian Society and the role of schools retrospective in London P. 132 BOOK REVIEWS P. 92 EUROPE WATCH Interview Dave Eggers, Aslyum and immigration policies with curator David Van in the European Parliament Kathleen Soriano Reybrouck, Naomi Klein, P. 96 BEYOND EUROPE John Weeks How immigration flows are handled in Switzerland, Australia and South Korea P. 135 CARTOON by Plantu P. 100 PORTFOLIO Bruce Goodison’s “Leave to Remain” P. 120 MEET THE PRESS A broad alliance against the Islamic State P. 124 REPORT Beyond austerity, towards employment: a gender-aware framework QUERIES — Autumn 2014 5 CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTORS They have contributed to the Queries debates and thinking. Inmaculada Arnaez Ursula Barry Elizabeth Collett Michael Cooney Christopher Cramer Fernandez Deputy Head, UCD’s Director, MPI Europe Executive Director, Professor, SOAS Fundamental Rights Officer, School of Social Justice Chifley Research FRONTEX Centre Michael Diedring Massimo D’Alema Franck Düvell Doru Frantescu Jean-Marc Secretary General, FEPS President Associate Professor, Director, VoteWatch Germain ECRE & former Prime COMPAS, University Europe Member of the French Minister of Italy of Oxford Parliament Ana Gomes Caroline Intrand Elisa Irlandese Deborah Johnston Ivan Klíma Member of the European Affairs Policy Assistant, Reader, SOAS Novelist European Parliament Advisor, CIRÉ VoteWatch Europe Juan Fernando Conor McCabe Ed Miliband Annemarie Muntz Micaela Navarro López Aguilar Research Fellow, UCD’s Leader of the President, Ciett President, PSOE Member of the School of Social Justice Labour Party (UK) & Eurociett Director (Spain) European Parliament Group Public Affairs, Randstad Holding 6 QUERIES — Autumn 2014 CONTRIBUTORS Luis Miguel Pariza Yves Pascouau Gianni Pittella Jean Plantu Khalifa Sall Castaños Director of Migration MEP & President, Cartoonist Mayor of Dakar International Policy and Mobility Policies, S&D Group Secretary, CCOO EPC Andreas Schieder Christophe Sente Julia Shin Kathleen Soriano Ernst Stetter Member of the Political Scientist, Free Assistant Professor, Independent Curator Secretary General, Austrian Parliament & University of Brussels Chonnam National FEPS President, SPÖ Group University Benjamin Stora Zakeera Suffee Harriet Thomson Peter Uebersax Kathleen Van Historian Independent researcher Founder, EU Fuel Honorary Professor, Brempt on migration Poverty Network University of Basel MEP & Vice-President, S&D Group Gilles Vermot- António Vitorino Sarah Walker Andrew Watt Sarah Wolff Desroches Former European Research Assistant, Head of research, IMK, Lecturer, Queen Mary Sustainability & BOP Commissioner, Justice COMPAS, University Hans Böckler Stiftung University of London Senior Vice-President, & Home Affairs of Oxford Schneider Electric QUERIES — Autumn 2014 7 INPUT MY VIEW ONES TO WATCH ANALYSIS Ivan Klíma Micaela Navarro Andrew Watt on the German lead P. 10 Ed Miliband Comments by Andreas Schieder P. 12 & Jean-Marc Germain P. 20 COLUMN VISION INSIGHT Ursula Barry &