Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 Dynamic performance of bridges and vehicles under strong wind Suren Chen Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Suren, "Dynamic performance of bridges and vehicles under strong wind" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1949. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1949 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF BRIDGES AND VEHICLES UNDER STRONG WIND A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering By Suren Chen B.S., Tongji University, 1994 M.S., Tongji University, 1997 May 2004 DEDICATION To my parents, my wife and my son ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to Professor Steve Cai, my advisor, for his active mentorship, constant encouragement, and support during my Ph. D study at LSU and KSU. It has been my greatest pleasure to work with such a brilliant, considerate and friendly scholar. I also want to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Christopher J. Baker of The University of Birmingham. The advice obtained from him on the vehicle accident assessment was very helpful and encouraging. The advice and help given by Dr. John D. Holmes on the time-history simulations are particularly appreciated. I also want to thank Professor Marc L. Levitan, the director of the Hurricane Center at LSU, for his very helpful courses on hurricane engineering and his great work as a member of my committee. Gratitude is also extended to Professor M. Gu at Tongji University and Professor C. C. Chang at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology for their continuous encouragement and support. Thanks are also extended to my other committee members: Professor Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos of Mechanical Engineering, Professor Jannette Frandsen of Civil Engineering, and Professor Jaye E. Cable of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences for very helpful suggestions in the dissertation. The Graduate Assistantship offered by Louisiana State University and the National Science Foundation (NSF) made it possible for me to proceed with my study. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my beloved wife and my son for their strong support. The dissertation could not have been completed without their encouragement, their love and their patience. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Wind Hazard .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Bridge Aerodynamics .........................................................................................................3 1.3 Vehicle Dynamic Performance on the Bridge under Wind.................................................5 1.4 Structural Control on Wind-induced Vibration of Bridges.................................................7 1.5 Present Research.................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2. MODAL COUPLING ASSESSMENTS AND APPROXIMATED PREDICTION OF COUPLED MULTIMODE WIND VIBRATION OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGES.................. 10 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................10 2.2 Mathematical Formulations...............................................................................................11 2.3 Approximated Prediction of Coupled Buffeting Response...............................................18 2.4 Numerical Example...........................................................................................................19 2.5 Concluding Remarks..........................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 3. EVOLUTION OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGE RESPONSE TO WIND- NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND DISCUSSION.................................................................. 33 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................33 3.2 Motivation of Present Research ....................................................................................... 33 3.3 Analytical Approach......................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Numerical Procedure.........................................................................................................38 3.5 Numerical Example...........................................................................................................40 3.6 Concluding Remarks .........................................................................................................56 CHAPTER 4. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE-BRIDGE-WIND DYNAMIC SYSTEM..................................................................................................................................... 58 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 58 4.2 Equations of Motion for 3-D Vehicle-Bridge-Wind System............................................ 59 4.3 Dynamic Analysis of Vehicle-Bridge System under Strong Wind...................................68 4.4 Numerical Example...........................................................................................................70 4.5 Concluding Remarks..........................................................................................................93 4.6 Matrix Details of the Coupled System…………………………………………………...94 CHAPTER 5. ACCIDENT ASSESSMENT OF VEHICLES ON LONG-SPAN BRIDGES IN WINDY ENVIRONMENTS..................................................................................................... 101 5.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................101 5.2 Dynamic Interaction of Non-Articulated Vehicles on Bridges....................................... 102 iv 5.3 Accident Analysis Model for Vehicles on Bridges..........................................................105 5.4 Numerical Example.........................................................................................................113 5.5 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................................... 129 CHAPTER 6. STRONG WIND-INDUCED COUPLED VIBRATION AND CONTROL WITH TUNED MASS DAMPER FOR LONG-SPAN BRIDGES. .................................................... 131 6.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................131 6.2 Closed-Form Solution of Bridge-TMD System........................................................... .. 132 6.3 Coupled Vibration Control with a Typical 2DOF Model.............................................. .138 6.4 Analysis of a Prototype Bridge ...................................................................................... 143 6.5 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................................... 154 CHAPTER 7. OPTIMAL VARIABLES OF TMDS FOR MULTI-MODE BUFFETING CONTROL OF LONG-SPAN BRDGES................................................................................... 156 7.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................156 7.2 Formulations of Multi-mode Coupled Vibration Control with TMDs .......................... 157 7.3 Parametrical Studies on “Three-row” TMD Control ......................................................161 7.4 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................................... 177 CHAPTER 8. WIND VIBRATION MITIGATION OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGES IN HURRICANES.......................................................................................................................... 178 8.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................178 8.2 Equations of Motion of Bridge-SDS System ................................................................. 179 8.3 Solution of Flutter and Buffeting Response.....................................................................181 8.4 Numerical Example: Humen Bridge-SDS system.........................................................