This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY \PLANT DISEASES AFFECTING FOREST TREES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S REGIONAL COPPER-NICKEL STUDY AREA Minnesota Environmental Quality Boarq Authors: Richard J. Zeyen Associate P~ofessor James V. Groth Assistant Professor Department of Plant Pathology University of Minnesota June 15, 1978 PRELIMINARY DRAFT REPORT, SUBJECT TO REVIEW Page 1 INTRODUCTION This report is based upon lists of major vegetation community types, compiled for a preliminary study of the Regional Copper-Nickel Study Area. Only dominant plant species, as determined by releve techniques, have been included in the discussion of diseases. The intent of this'report is to present a brief survey of the major diseases caused primarily by biotic agents. The information was ob­ tained from general references and from personal observations of the diseases of the area over the past 11 years. The report is divided into two parts: (1) a comprehensive table of diseases recorded in the area and their causal agents (Table 1), and (2) brief descriptions of 25 diseases of exceptional economic or aesthetic importance. In some cases, particularly for less well documented aesthetically important (conspicuous) but not economically important diseases, no description is included. No attempt was made to deal with the extreme complexity of disease organism interactions and ecology or to update fungal nomen­ clature and taxonomy. ' The approach was to use concepts and nomenclature employed in most of the standard reference sources. PRELIMINARY DRAFT REPORT, SUBJECT TO REVIEW ~bl~-~. Plant diseases and their causal agents that affect forest tree species in northeastern }linnesota. Host species based on plant lists for major vegetation community types produced during the Regional Copper-Nickel Study. ::D m" DISEASES OF CONIFERS -0 r CI c.e ~ C'D z N » Tree species (Hosts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance !! :IJ -< A. Balsam fir Butt rot Corticium galactinum a C (Abies balsamea) Polyporus balsameus a »:IJ Canker Cephalosporium album .~" :IJ Dasyscyphus resinarius m o'"'0 Thyronectria balsamea :IJ ~. Rus ts, witches broom }telampsorella caryophyl~acerarum b en fir-needle. Helampsora abieti-capraearum. c: OJ fir-fern Uredinopsis mirabilis L m o Trunk rot Fprnes officinalis ~ Fornes pini ~ o Stereum sanguinolentum :IJ m < Twig and bark canker Cytospora pinastri m- ~ Shoestrtng root rot Armillaria mellea a,b 1/ a = Economically important, potentially serious disease b • Aesthetically important, conspicuous symptoms • L. '- \ .............:::-- Table 1 (continued) '"tJ JJ ." m Tree species (Hosts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance CJ c.e r- en ~ B. Tamarack Butt rot Polyporus schweinitzii w z (Larix laricina) » Dwarf misteletoe Arceuthobium pusillum JJ -< o Canker Aleurodiscus amorphus JJ » Needle cast Hypqdermella laricis 11 '-t JJ Needle rust Melampsora bigelowii m -0 o Polyporus schweinitzii :x:J c. White spruce Butt rot -t (Picea glauca) Arceuthobium pusillum (IJ Dwarf mistletoe C OJ Rusts, cone Chrysomyxa pirolata ~ m needle Chrysornyxu~. (two species) b (') -t witches broom Melampsorella caryophyllacearum -t o Trunk rot Fornes pin! :0 m Fornes pinicola < m Polyporus tomentosus b ~ Stereum sanguinolentum Shoestring root rot . Armillaria mellea D. Black spruce Butt rot Pblyporus schweinitzii (Ficea mariana) Dwarf mistJ.etoe Arceuthobium pusillum a,b Rusts, cone Chrysomyxa pirolata needle Chrysornyxa~. (three species) • b / '-~ Table 1 (continued) -U :D TreLs~c i~_s__JH9S ts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance ." m cu r- ~ CD -~ D. Black spruce Trunk rot Stereum sanguinolentum a ~ Z (continued) » Corticium galactinum a :0 -< Fornes pini a 0 »JJ Shoe~tring root rot Armillaria mellea '-I" :0 E. Jack Pine Butt rot Polyporus schweinitzii m (Pi_nus bank_s_iana) "tJ Polyporus tomentosus 0 :0 -I Needle cast Davisornycella ampla (J)' Lophodermium ~. C OJ c.. Rusts, blister Cronartium cornandrae m 0 . Cronartiurn comptoniae -I Easte~n gall Cronartium quercuum a,b -I 0 Western gall Peridermium harknessii :0 m needle Coleosporiurn~. (four species) < m- stem Peridermiurn stalactiforme ~ Trunk rot Fornes pini Fornes pinicola Shoestring root rot Armillaria mellea • ,', Causal Agent l Importance -0 g" c.c CD Polyporus schweinitzii Ul Polyporus tomentosus Scleroderris lagerbergii a Lop~odermium pinastri Coleosporium ~ (two species) Fornes pini ·Fomes pinicola Armillaria mellea Cornartium ribicola a,b Polyporus schweinitzii Polyporus tornentosus Bifusella linearis Armillaria mellea Fornes pini Fornes pinicola Lentinus lepideus Stereum sanguinolentum H. Northern White Cedar Butt rot Polyporus schweinitzii (Thujn occidentalis) Leaf blight Didymascella thujina • Leaf spot Lophodermium thuyae 1 Table 1 (continued) ." Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance :D Tree species (Hosts) -c CI m ~ r (1) -s: H. Northern ~lite Cedar Trunk rot Fornes pini C) z (continued) » Fornes pinicola :0 Polyporus balsameus -< C »:0 11 '-I :0 m o " ":0 -I CJ) C m c... m o -I o-I JJ m < m ~ • ~ ~ • ,', DISEASES OF BROADLEAFED SPECIES l ""C Col ~ to Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance ...... Anthracnose Gloeosporium apocryptum Canker Nectria galligena a Hypoxylonmammatum Leaf spot Phyllosticta minima .,Septoria arieis Black leaf blister Taphrina dearnessi! Tar spot Rhytisma aeerinum Shoestring root rot Armillaria mellea Trunk canker Eutypella parasitica a Trunk rot Fornes igniarius a Fornes connatus Polporus glomeratus a Canker Cytospora~. (two species) Nectria galligena b Charcoal c:anker 'Poria obligua b Dieback (abiotic, soil temp.) a,b Leaf bilster Taphrina flava Rust Melampsoridium betulinum • Shoestring root rot Armillaria mellea a • Table 1 (continued) '"'0 J ::D Tree species (Hosts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance ""0 m QI r- c.e - CD s: Fornes fomentarius b 00 z B. Paper Birch Trunk rot > (continued) Fornes ignarius ::0 j -< Witches broom Taphrina americana C JJ > C. Black Ash ~eafspot Cylindrosporium fraxini '-I" (Fraxinus nigra) ::0 Gloeosporium aridum m o'"0 Trunk rot " Fornes fraxinophilus b ::0 -I Rust Puccinia peridermiospora' en c Powder mildew Phyllactinia corylea OJ c... m o D. Balsam poplar .Canker Valsa sordida -I (Populus balsamifera) -I Neofabrea populi o ::0 Leaf blight Linospora tetraspora. m < Melampsora~. m Leaf rust (three species) :e Leaf spots Marssonina ~ (three species) r Septoria musiva Black shoot blight Venturia papulina Trunk rot Fornes igniarius. a Pleurotus spp. b Powder mildew Uncinula salieis b • Table 1 (contllllwd) Tree species (lIoHts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Importance '"'D OJ ~ E. Bigtooth Aspen Black shoot blight Venturia populina b ~" CD (Populus grandidentata) C ~ ~ Canker Dothichiza populea -Z Cytospora chrysosperma b » :0 -< Leaf spot Marssonina castagnei o Leaf rust Melampsora spp. :0» .~" Trunk canker Hypoxylon mamma tum a :0 m Trunk rot Fornes igniarius a -0o :0 Powdery mildew Uncinula salieis ~ en c F. Quaking Aspen Barl canker Ma~rophoma tumefaciens to (Populus tremuloides) c... m Branch, twig ·canker Dothichiza populea o ~ Black shoot blight Venturia tremulae b ~ o Canker Nectria galligena b :0 m 'Cytospora chrysosperma b < m Hypoxylon mammatuID a.b ~ Catkin deformity Taphrina johansonii Ink leafspot Ciborinia bifrons Leaf spot Marssonia spp. (three species) Septaria musiva Leaf rust Melampsora ~. O( two species) # /';... • L. Table 1 (continued) Tree species (Hosts) Disease or Symptom Causal Agent Impor tancl!_ -0 F. Quaking Aspen Trunk rot Fornes igniarius a.b :tJ (continued) -0 CI m Pleurotus !!l?.E... (two species) b e.c r- ro Shoestring root rot Armilaria mellea ..... s: a 0 z » Wound rot Fornes fomentarius :c -< Trametes hispida C :c » Powdery mildew Uneinula salieis b ." '-I JJ G. Northern Red Oak Butt rot Polyporus sulphureus b m (Quercus borealis) "'0 .. 0 Anthracnose • -< QJoeosporium quercinum b JJ -I .. Canker . Nectria galligena CJ) ~oryneoidea· C Strumella a.b m c... m Leaf blister Taphrina caerulescens 0 -I Leaf rust Cronartium ~uercuum -I 0 Leaf spot ~--.pt()ria_quereieola JJ m t· < Powdery mildew PhylJ.actinia corylea m- :E Shoestring root rot· Armillaria mellea Trunk rot Fornes everhart!i 0° Fornes robustus a Polyporus obtusus • L 'fable 1 (colltinued) Tre~ speci~s (Hosts) Disease or Symptom Causuul Agent ImportanCl! '"0 JJ ~ 11. Bur Oak Butt rot Polporus sulphureus CI m ~ r- (Quercus macrocarpa) (1) - Canker Strumella coryneo1dea b --I s: --I z » Physalospora obtusa :0 -< Anthracnose Gloeosporium canadense b C Leaf blister Taphrina caerulescens »JJ .-t" Leaf spot Phyllosticta ~. JJ m Shoestring ~oot rot Armillaria mellea o-0 JJ Smooth patch of bark Aleurodiscus ~. b -t (J) Trunk rot Daedalia quercina C OJ Fornes everhartii e­ m o Powdery mildew Hicrosphaeria uln1' -t -t o I• Moun tain Ash Canker Cytospora chrysosperma JJ (Sorbus americana) m Nectria cinnabarina < m- Fire blight Erw1nia amylovora b :E Leaf rust Gymnosporangium auriantiacum Wound rot Polyporus versicolor • • ",,,}) 'el' 1 (clint 1mit'd) Tree Specicg (Ho~t~) Diseuse or Symptom Causunl Agent IlIIpur tillH'\: i; Canker Nectria !.EE.. -a J. American Basswood .! -0 :0 (Tilia americana) CI m ~ ,.. Leaf blight Cercospora microsora fl) N s: Gnomonia tiliae z Leaf spot » :D Powdery mildew Uncinula 'clintoni! -< C Trunk rot Fornes applanatus :D » Pleurotus ostreatus '-4" :D m -c o :0 i -4 i en C OJ c.. m o -4 o-4 :D m < m :E • AI Page 13