REPOR TRESUMES ED 017 908 48 AL 000 990 CHAPTERS IN INDIAN CIVILIZATION--A HANDBOOK OF READINGS TO ACCOMPANY THE CIVILIZATION OF INDIA SYLLABUS. VOLUME II, BRITISH AND MODERN INDIA. BY- ELDER, JOSEPH W., ED. WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON, DEPT. OF INDIAN STUDIES REPORT NUMBER BR-6-2512 PUB DATE JUN 67 CONTRACT OEC-3-6-062512-1744 EDRS PRICE MF-$1.25 HC-$12.04 299P. DESCRIPTORS- *INDIANS, *CULTURE, *AREA STUDIES, MASS MEDIA, *LANGUAGE AND AREA CENTERS, LITERATURE, LANGUAGE CLASSIFICATION, INDO EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, DRAMA, MUSIC, SOCIOCULTURAL PATTERNS, INDIA, THIS VOLUME IS THE COMPANION TO "VOLUME II CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL INDIA," AND IS DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY COURSES DEALING WITH INDIA, PARTICULARLY THOSE COURSES USING THE "CIVILIZATION OF INDIA SYLLABUS"(BY THE SAME AUTHOR AND PUBLISHERS, 1965). VOLUME II CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING SELECTIONS--(/) "INDIA AND WESTERN INTELLECTUALS," BY JOSEPH W. ELDER,(2) "DEVELOPMENT AND REACH OF MASS MEDIA," BY K.E. EAPEN, (3) "DANCE, DANCE-DRAMA, AND MUSIC," BY CLIFF R. JONES AND ROBERT E. BROWN,(4) "MODERN INDIAN LITERATURE," BY M.G. KRISHNAMURTHI, (5) "LANGUAGE IDENTITY--AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIA'S LANGUAGE PROBLEMS," BY WILLIAM C. MCCORMACK, (6) "THE STUDY OF CIVILIZATIONS," BY JOSEPH W. ELDER, AND(7) "THE PEOPLES OF INDIA," BY ROBERT J. AND BEATRICE D. MILLER. THESE MATERIALS ARE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH AND ARE PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, MADISON, WISCONSIN 53706. (AMM) 11116ro., F Bk.--. G 2S12 Ye- CHAPTERS IN INDIAN CIVILIZATION JOSEPH W ELDER Editor VOLUME I I BRITISH AND MODERN PERIOD U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. Department of Indian Studies University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin June, 1967 gl, 000 990 CHAPTERSIN INDIAN CIVILIZATION: A HANDBOOK OF READINGS TO ACCOMPANY THE CIVILIZATION OF INDIA SYLLABUS Joseph W. Elder, Editor VOLUME II BRITISH AND MODERN INDIA Department of Indian Studies The University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin June, 1967 The research reported herein was performed pursuant toa contract with the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, under the provisions of Title VI, Public Law 85-864,as amended, Section 602. ,","`",-,,,,,,,,,,-,,,---,--,- iii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In September, W65, the Department of Indian Studies of the University of Wisconsin, under contract with the U. S. Office of Education, published a Civilization of India Syllabus that I edited, assisted by Willard L. Johnson and Christopher R. King. While preparing the Syllabus, we asked ourselves whether or not we should consider preparing an accompanyingtextbook.It was our con- sensus, as well as the consensus ofthose who had helped plan the Syllabus, that such a textbook would repeat much of what was already available in such books as A. L. Basham's TheWonder That Was India, S. M. Ikram's Muslim Civiliza- tion in India, and Wm. Theodore DeBary's edited Sources of Inrar7Tmii= So forte time being we abandoned the thought of an accompanying textbook. Once the Syllabus preparation was underway, however, we discovered the need for a different sort of book. The author of each lecture outline included a 'required' reading assignment of approximately fifty pages.Usually this posed no problem.But occasionally an author reported that there simply were no fifty- page readings on the topic or ofthe quality we required. Our makeshift solution was to list multiple references or torecommend the best article we could, even if we knew it was unavailable to most Syllabus users.Neither solution was satis- factory. At this point an idea occurred to us: could we not prepare a volume of chapters specifically designed to fill existing gaps in materials on India? The Office of Education proved responsive to the idea and signed a contract for the necessary funds.In June, W66 my colleague Alex Wayman, who had taught the classical portion of our "Civilization of India" course, Willard Johnson, Christopher King and I met to map out what we felt should be included in the volume. We were aided by the participants in a four-week faculty Workshop on South Asia held in Madison during June and July. At the end of the Workshop, the faculty partic- ipants described the materials they would like to see in such a collection. The inclusion of chapter eleven, "The Study of Civilizations," can be attributed directly to them. By the end of the summer, we had generally decided what the chapters would cover, whom we would invite as authors, and in a number of cases we even prepared rough outlines of what we thought thechapters might include. The task of approaching the authors was made most pleasant by their willing- ness to cooperate and their enthusiasm for the project.Despite their heavy teach- ing and administrative burdens, they managed to crowd their days and shorten their nights to meet the deadlines that had to be established if the contract were to be met. To each author I am deeply grateful both for the quality of his writing and for his tolerance of my editorial persistence. iv I have been most fortunate to have as a Special Consultant for the "Classical and Medieval India" volume Dr. A. K. Narain, Principal of the College of Indology in Banaras Hindu University and visiting professor in the University of Wisconsin during the W66-67 academic year. He also graciously submitted to the pressures and deadlines of the contract.His comments were learned, judi- cious and helpful, and I am deeply indebted to him.I am also grateful to my two graduate assistants, Christopher R. King and Mark A. Ehman, and to Willard L. Johnson for all their help in planning, preparing bibliography, and indexing the Chapters. Without them, both the format and content of these Chapters would be much less complete.I am also indebted to Mrs. Norah Adair, assistant to the director of Wisconsin 's South Asia Language and Area Center, who helped draft the contract proposal and subsequently assumed responsibility for handling the fi- nancial side of the project. With her quiet efficiency, she has seen that checks were issued and reports prepared to meet the contract specifications. I am grateful to the Center for Advanced Studies in Wesleyan University and the Danforth Foundation in St. Louis for providing me with the free time and de- lightful Connecticut setting for carrying out several writing projects including the editing of these Chapters. Wyman Parker, Gertrude McKenna and the other mem- bers of Wesleyan's Olin Library staff deserve special mention for their assistance in tracking down elusive references.I would also like to express my appreciation to the Wesleyan students who enrolled in my Workshop on "India and Western Intellectuals." The stimulation they provided by preparing sections of chapter six and serving as a sounding board for my own ideas was so valuable that I have listed their names along with my own at the head of the chapter. The chapter on "Dance, Dance-Drama, and Music" by Cliff R. Jones and Robert E. Brown called for illustrations and musical notations. For the former I am deeply grateful to Louise A. Smith, whose line drawings of the instruments and dancers add much to the chapter's effectiveness. For the latter I am grateful to Muriel C. Hintz, who painstakingly copied the ragas to provide a more inclu- sive collection than any I have ever seen elsewhere. Frank H. Murtha, manager of Wesleyan University's Central Services, and his staff also deserve special recog- nition for their flexibility, technical skill, and friendly cooperation. For the maps and proofreading I am indebted to my charming wife, Joann F. Elder, and her mother, Mabel D. Byers.Had it not been for their willingness to devote long hours to the concluding rush of work, this project would have been considerably delayed. And to my daughter, Shonti R. Elder,I am indebted for the title Chapters in Indian Civilization. When she turned up her nose at my working title (Handbook of Supplementary Readings) and I challenged her to do better, she did. Undoubtedly the heroine of this project has been Karen L. Meyers. Starting v as one who had worked with neither Indian diacritical marks nor an executive model typewriter before, she became a virtuoso in both.Her own uncommon good sense prevented countless mistakes before they were made, and the care that she and her husband, Peter V. Meyers, gave to the proofreading made reading by others almost superfluous. She has borne with good-humored patience the project's numerous vicissitudes, and I can only hope that now that the project is successfully concluded, she can enjoy some of the rest she so richly deserves. Joseph W. Elder Middletown, Connecticut June 28, 1967 1 vi INTRODUCTION A. How To Use The Chapters These Chapters in Indian Civilization are designed as readings to accompany courses dealing with India,especially courses using the Civilization of India Syllabus. Their aim is to supplement rather than to replace such presently-avail- able materials as A. L. Basham's The Wonder That Was India and Wm. Theodore DeBary's edited Sources of Indian Tradition. About the only feature each chapter shares with all the others is its selection by the Syllabus staff to fill a gap in exist- ing materials dealing with India. No effort has been made for one chapter to lead into the next. The chapters in volume I pertain to Classical and Medieval India; the chapters in volume II deal with British and Modern India.Within these volumes, the chapters are ar- ranged according to the order in which the lectures they accompany appear in the forthcoming revision of the Civilization of India Syllabus.This arrangement is quite arbitrary, and the instructor assigning these Chapters is encouraged to exercise his own imagination in fitting them most effectively into his course.