SHARED MOBILITY PROGRAMS GUIDEBOOK FOR AGENCIES Disclaimer This research was performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of FHWA or TxDOT. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government and the State of Texas do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Acknowledgments This project was conducted in cooperation with TxDOT and FHWA. The authors thank the members of the project monitoring committee: Darrin Jensen, Teri Kaplan, Bonnie Lister, Pete Krause, and Jane Lundquist. The authors also thank members of the project team for their contributions: Andrea Chacon, Casey Claude, Greg Griffin, Joan Hudson, Matt Miller, Gavin Pritchard, Gretchen Stoeltje, Shawn Turner, and Gabriel A. Valdez. Authors Stacey Bricka Todd Carlson Tina Geiselbrecht Kristi Miller Maarit Moran December 2015 Product 0-6818-P1 Project 0-6818 Project Title: Dynamic Ride-Sharing, Car-Sharing, Bike-Sharing, and State-Level Mobility Texas A&M Transportation Institute College Station, Texas iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Why Use This Guidebook ........................................................................................................... 1 Development of the Guidebook ................................................................................................ 2 Organization of the Guidebook ................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2. Shared Mobility Programs ....................................................................................... 3 What Is Ride-Share? .................................................................................................................. 4 What Is Car-Share? .................................................................................................................... 6 What Is Bike-Share? .................................................................................................................. 9 Current State of Shared Mobility Programs in the United States ......................................... 11 Current State of Shared Mobility Programs in Texas ............................................................ 13 Chapter 3. Assessment ........................................................................................................... 15 Conduct a Market Analysis ...................................................................................................... 16 Perform a Stakeholder Analysis .............................................................................................. 33 Review Policy and Regulatory Environment ........................................................................... 40 Establish Program Goals ......................................................................................................... 41 Summary: Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................ 47 Chapter 4. Attraction ............................................................................................................... 49 Communicate Public Support ................................................................................................. 49 Integrate with Planning and Policy.......................................................................................... 53 Align Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 56 Identify Funding Sources ......................................................................................................... 62 Educate and Provide Outreach ............................................................................................... 66 Summary: Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................ 67 Chapter 5. Management and Operations ............................................................................... 69 Oversee the Business Operations .......................................................................................... 69 Build and Leverage Partnerships ............................................................................................ 74 Control Program Costs and Revenues .................................................................................... 80 Expand the Program ................................................................................................................ 84 Continue Ongoing Evaluation .................................................................................................. 87 Summary: Chapter 5 ................................................................................................................ 91 Chapter 6. Emerging Trends ................................................................................................... 93 Management Trends ............................................................................................................... 93 Program Trends ........................................................................................................................ 98 Summary: Chapter 6 ............................................................................................................. 101 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 103 A1. Potential Benefits of Shared Mobility ........................................................................... 103 A2. Texas Ride-Share Ordinances........................................................................................ 109 A3. Feasibility Analyses and Other Useful Resources ........................................................ 110 References ............................................................................................................................ 113 v List of Figures Figure 1. Ride-Share App Alerts a Nearby Driver. ........................................................................ 5 Figure 2. Designated Home Area for Car2Go Vehicles in Austin, Texas (2)............................... 6 Figure 3. Car2Go App Screenshot. ............................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. Bicyclist in Dedicated Bike Lane. .................................................................................. 9 Figure 5. San Antonio B-Cycle Bike-Share Station (Photo by G. Griffin). .................................. 10 Figure 6. Shared Mobility Programs across the United States as of 2015. ............................ 11 Figure 7. Mobility Program Locations across Texas as of 2015. .............................................. 13 Figure 8. Austin B-Cycle Bike....................................................................................................... 14 Figure 9. San Antonio Bike Share Membership Age Distribution (16). .................................... 17 Figure 10. Bus Carrying a Bicycle. .............................................................................................. 18 Figure 11. Percent of Households with No Vehicles Available by Household Size in Texas in 2013 (20). .................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 12. Trends in Smartphone Ownership among U.S. Adults in 2014 (23). ..................... 20 Figure 13. Maroon Bikes at Texas A&M University. ................................................................... 24 Figure 14. Two Way Bicycle Lane. ............................................................................................... 27 Figure 15. Sample Heat Map Showing Bike-Share Demand Analysis Results for Daytona, Florida. .............................................................................................................................. 32 Figure 16. Sidewalk Bike-Share Art from Philadelphia Feasibility Study. ................................ 37 Figure 17. Car-Share Parking Regulation Signage. ................................................................... 41 Figure 18. Relationship of Vision, Goals, Objectives, and Performance Measures (33). ....... 42 Figure 19. Ride-Share Provider Lyft’s Mobile Application Screen. ........................................... 44 Figure 20. Bicyclist Waits for Light Rail Train in Austin. ............................................................ 45 Figure 21. Uber Ice-Cream On-Demand Marketing. .................................................................. 52 Figure 22. Bike Infrastructure. ...................................................................................................