Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Progressives Section 1 MAIN IDEA Progressives focused on three areas of reform: easing the suffering of the urban poor, improving unfair and dangerous working conditions, and reforming government at the national, state, and local levels. Key Terms and People progressivism a reform movement muckrakers journalists who exposed the problem areas of society Ida Tarbell journalist who exposed corrupt business practices Lincoln Steffens journalist who exposed corrupt city governments Jacob Riis reformer who focused people’s attention on the problems of the urban poor Robert M. La Follette progressive Wisconsin governor whose agenda of reforms was known as the Wisconsin Idea Seventeenth Amendment gave voters the power to elect their senators directly initiative gave voters the power to put a proposed law on the ballot for public approval referendum allowed voters to approve or veto a recently passed law recall enabled voters to remove an elected official from office by special election Section Summary WHAT WAS PROGRESSIVISM? Industrialization brought problems such as dangerous Underline the problems working conditions and extreme poverty. There was that came with also a great deal of government and business industrialization. corruption. The movement that fought these ills was called progressivism . Journalists known as muckrakers helped expose the problems. Ida Tarbell wrote about corrupt business practices. Name three people who Lincoln Steffens wrote about the corruption of city focused attention on the governments. problems in American society. REFORMING SOCIETY _______________________ Reformers like Jacob Riis called people’s attention to _______________________ the problems of the urban poor. In New York, the _______________________ Tenement Act of 1901 brought some improvement to urban life. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was formed by a group of black and white activists in 1909. It was formed to fight for civil rights for African Americans. In 1913 the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 37 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Progressives Section 1 founded to fight anti-Semitism, or hostility toward Jews. REFORMING THE WORKPLACE Florence Kelley worked for laws to stop child labor and limit the hours women could work. Business What inspired New York to pass fire safety laws? owners fought such labor laws in court. In 1911 a terrible fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company _______________________ inspired the New York legislature to pass fire safety laws. Many workers joined unions to fight for better pay. The International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) won a shorter workweek and higher wages when tens of thousands of members struck. REFORMING GOVERNMENT Progressives worked to make government less corrupt and more efficient. Robert M. La Follette , in What did the Seventeenth Amendment allow? Wisconsin, pushed for direct primary elections and regulation of railroads and utilities. Progressives _______________________ pushed for the Seventeenth Amendment . This gave _______________________ voters the power to elect senators directly. Progressives also fought for three other reforms: The initiative gives voters the power to put a proposed law on the ballot for public approval. The referendum allows them to approve or veto a recently passed law by voting on it. The recall enables voters to remove an elected official from office by special election. CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Summarize Make a list of the reforms that were passed during the Progressive period. Write two paragraphs telling which of these still affect our lives today. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 38 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Progressives Section 2 MAIN IDEA Women during the Progressive Era actively campaigned for reforms in education, children’s welfare, temperance, and suffrage. Key Terms and People Prohibition movement to ban making, selling, and transporting alcoholic drinks Woman’s Christian Temperance Union national organization which supported Prohibition Frances Willard 1879–1898 leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Carry Nation evangelist who smashed saloons and gave speeches supporting Prohibition Eighteenth Amendment amendment to the Constitution that outlawed the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol National Association of Colored Women organization formed to fight against discrimination and for women’s rights Susan B. Anthony co-founder of National Woman Suffrage Association National American Woman Suffrage Association pro-suffrage organization formed by the joining of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association Section Summary OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN By the late 1800s there were more chances for women What new opportunities did to gain education and employment. As they looked to the late 1800s bring for the world beyond their own homes, they began women? working to better society. _______________________ Women began to go to college in larger numbers. _______________________ By 1870 only about 20 percent of college students were women. By 1900 this increased to more than 33 percent. Women also began to work in offices and industry. They were almost always paid less than men. GAINING POLITICAL EXPERIENCE As women began to work for political causes, one of their first concerns was children’s health and welfare. They succeeded in getting the Federal Children’s Bureau opened in 1912. Women also worked for Prohibition , the movement calling for a ban on making, selling, and Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 39 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Progressives Section 2 transporting alcoholic drinks. They believed alcohol Why did Prohibitionists caused crime, poverty, and violence. The Woman’s want to do away with Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), a national alcoholic drinks? organization dedicated to Prohibition, was led by _______________________ Frances Willard from 1879 to 1898. Evangelist Carry Nation spread the message of Prohibition by _______________________ smashing up saloons and making fiery speeches. In 1919 the states ratified the Eighteenth Amendment . This amendment barred the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol. The amendment was For what political causes unpopular and hard to enforce. did women campaign? Women also worked for civil rights. In 1896 _______________________ African American women formed the National Association of Colored Women . They campaigned _______________________ to fight poverty, segregation, and lynching. They also _______________________ campaigned against Jim Crow laws and alcohol abuse _______________________ and for women’s suffrage. RISE OF THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT After the Civil War, the Fifteenth Amendment gave African American men the right to vote but denied it to all women. Suffragists worked to change the laws. Many people, businesses, and churches were against The two national suffrage associations used different them. In 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. approaches to gain women Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage the right to vote. What were Association (NWSA). This organization campaigned they? for a constitutional amendment. In 1872 it supported NWSA: _________________ the first woman to run for president, Victoria Woodhull. _______________________ Meanwhile, the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) focused on changing laws state-by-state. AWSA: _________________ They won in several western territories and states. _______________________ In 1890 the two organizations merged and formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), first led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and then Susan B. Anthony. Women finally won the right to vote in 1920. CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Predict Write three paragraphs describing what the nation would be like today if women had not won the right to vote. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 40 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ The Progressives Section 3 MAIN IDEA Theodore Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to push for progressive reforms in business and in environmental policy. Key Terms and People Theodore Roosevelt progressive reformer who became president when President McKinley was shot bully pulpit use of the presidency to publicize and get support for important issues Square Deal Theodore Roosevelt’s belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced Elkins Act 1903 law that forced railroads charge the same prices to all their customers Hepburn Act 1906 law that authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates Upton Sinclair writer who exposed filthy conditions in the meat packing industry Meat Inspection Act law that required the federal government to inspect meat shipped across state lines Pure Food and Drug Act law that outlawed the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and medicine containing harmful ingredients John Muir naturalist who helped